{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T10:15:42Z","timestamp":1783678542531,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_163384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_163384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006390","name":"University of Lausanne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Range expansion involves repeated dispersal and the establishment of new populations through colonization. Natural selection is therefore expected to favour traits that enhance dispersal and enable uniparental reproduction when mates are scarce. It is known that range-edge populations may evolve increased dispersal and, in hermaphroditic species, an enhanced capacity for self-fertilization. Here, we report results from a large common-garden experiment showing that males and females of the dioecious annual herb Mercurialis annua are more likely to show \u201cleaky\u201d or inconstant sex expression towards the recently colonized edge of its geographical distribution in Europe than those from the eastern Mediterranean Basin, from where the species expanded its range. Range-edge populations also had greater reproductive effort (RE). Leaky sex expression allows otherwise unisexual individuals of\u00a0M. annua to produce progeny by self-fertilization, a trait that may have been selected to increase reproductive assurance during the range expansion. High RE likely facilitated both colonization and subsequent population establishment. Our results show that selection during range expansions may modify reproductive traits towards range margins, extending this notion to the phenomenon of leaky sex expression in dioecious species. Previous work has shown that leaky sex expression in M. annua is strongly heritable; our results now further suggest that has been enhanced by selection for reproductive assurance towards range margins and confirm, in a natural setting, that the trait is not just an expression of developmental instability during floral development or a relic of an incomplete transition to dioecy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jeb\/voag044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T16:07:37Z","timestamp":1781453257000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geographical gradients in leaky sex expression and reproductive effort in a dioecious plant are consistent with selection during range expansion"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lausanne Department of Ecology and Evolution, , Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0098-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R","family":"Pannell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lausanne Department of Ecology and Evolution, , Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/2405656","article-title":"Self-compatibility and establishment after \u201clong-distance\u201d dispersal","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"1955","journal-title":"Evolution; Internation Journal of Organic Evolution"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1967.tb03440.x","article-title":"Support for Baker\u2019s Law\u2014As a rule","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"1967","journal-title":"Evolution; Internation Journal of Organic Evolution"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.002","article-title":"Limits to evolution at range margins: When and why does adaptation fail?","volume":"22","author":"Bridle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13761","article-title":"Seed size\u2013number trade-offs are absent in the introduced range for three congeneric plant invaders","volume":"109","author":"Bufford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcr219","article-title":"The relative importance of reproductive assurance and automatic selection as hypotheses for the evolution of self-fertilization","volume":"109","author":"Busch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib7","volume-title":"Island life: A natural history of the islands of the world","author":"Carlquist","year":"1965"},{"key":"2026071005413752200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2307\/2484044","article-title":"The biota of long-distance dispersal. 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