{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:44:29Z","timestamp":1792676669914,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032844","name":"Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["431595342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431595342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ecological and evolutionary processes determining species distributions and range limits remain poorly understood. Ultimately, range limits depend on the species\u2019 abilities to persist under heterogeneous conditions by adaptive differentiation and phenotypic plasticity, including transgenerational effects. To investigate ecological differentiation and transgenerational effects in the clonal invasive knotweed,\u00a0Reynoutria japonica, in its introduced range in Europe, we analyzed biomass production in a two-phase transplant experiment: Plants sampled along a latitudinal gradient were planted in three sites located throughout the range, and then re-transplanted among all three sites after two years. Biomass production and allocation in the second transplant phase were generally not associated with latitude of origin, and previous growth at the same site did not promote performance. We therefore found no evidence for adaptive differentiation or adaptive transgenerational effects. However, at the northern site, with a 25% shorter season, knotweed plants invested much less biomass below-ground, even though overwintering below-ground rhizomes are essential for the species\u2019 survival and spread. The pattern was further strengthened in plants that had previously grown in the northern site. We further explored limiting climate conditions in a species distribution model for the European range and found that mean annual temperature and temperature annual range are the main predictors of the European distribution of R. japonica. Taken together, our study suggests that low temperatures and associated short growing seasons may pose a limit to the broad environmental tolerance of R. japonica and restrict its northward spread by reducing below-ground biomass accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jeb\/voag087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:01:52Z","timestamp":1789563712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Failure to invest below-ground may limit the northern expansion of invasive knotweed: lessons from a two-phase transplant experiment"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7146-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Karrenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University , Uppsala 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