{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:39:54Z","timestamp":1792600794695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/R010331\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/R010331\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Climatic stratifications, in particular differences in temperature, occur along altitudinal clines. Understanding divergence across these regions can give insight into speciation and diversification, as well as how species may respond to climate change scenarios. Most past research has focused on temperate regions, yet year-round stable temperatures in the tropics make altitudinal temperature variation more pronounced and increase the likelihood of local adaptation across relatively narrow gradients. Here we investigate how genetics and the environment influence a wide range of traits in two widespread neotropical butterfly species, Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene, which occur across an altitudinal cline in the Andes. Using \u201ccommon garden\u201d rearing of over 1,000 offspring from over 70 wild females caught along an altitudinal gradient, as well as rearing of populations from either end of the altitudinal range in their reciprocal temperature environments, we investigate genetic, environmental and gene-by-environment interaction effects on developmental, morphological, and thermal tolerance traits. We find parallel divergence in wing colour in both species, with darker colours at higher altitude, consistent with a role in thermoregulation. We also find evidence for gene-by-environment interactions: In H. erato we found local differences in heat acclimation response, with increased heat knock-out times at higher rearing temperatures found only in low altitude populations, which are exposed to the hottest temperatures. We find evidence for heritable genetic variation in most traits measured, with positive implications for adaptation to climate change, although our results suggest that selection may not act in a straightforward way on these traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jeb\/voag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:54:20Z","timestamp":1790168060000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disentangling local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in traits associated with altitude and temperature in widespread tropical butterflies"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Tien T T","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield , Alfred Denny Building, Western bank, Sheffield S10 2TN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricio A","family":"Salazar-Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield , Alfred Denny Building, Western bank, Sheffield S10 2TN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1RQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie H","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield , Alfred Denny Building, Western bank, Sheffield S10 2TN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change , Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly G","family":"Gavilanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Regional Amaz\u00f3nica Ikiam , Kil\u00f3metro 7 V\u00eda Muyuna, Ciudad de Tena, 150102, Tena, Napo ,","place":["Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Guachamin-Rosero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Regional Amaz\u00f3nica Ikiam , Kil\u00f3metro 7 V\u00eda Muyuna, Ciudad de Tena, 150102, Tena, Napo ,","place":["Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Montejo-Kovacevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Zoology, , Cambridge, CB2 3EJ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Animal Ecology, Uppsala Universitet Department of Ecology and Genetics, , Norbyv\u00e4gen 18 D, 752 36 Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke B","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield , Alfred Denny Building, Western bank, Sheffield S10 2TN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Sheffield Department of Geography, , Winter St, Sheffield S3 7ND ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7809-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris D","family":"Jiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Zoology, , Cambridge, CB2 3EJ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline N","family":"Bacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Regional Amaz\u00f3nica Ikiam , Kil\u00f3metro 7 V\u00eda Muyuna, Ciudad de Tena, 150102, Tena, Napo ,","place":["Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9319-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola J","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of 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