{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T12:31:19Z","timestamp":1778070679608,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005826","name":"Agricultural Marketing Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-0275-044-SC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-0275-044-SC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.), was first recorded in San Diego County, CA in 2011 and breeding populations were recovered from infested Canary Islands date palms, Phoenix canariensis, in San Ysidro, San Diego County, in 2015. This palm pest presents a significant threat to California\u2019s edible date industry as Phoenix dactylifera is a recorded host for this weevil. The flight capabilities of R. palmarum are unknown which limits understanding of rates of natural dispersal. In response to this knowledge deficit, 24-h flight mill trials were conducted with field-collected male and female weevils. A total of 87 weevils (49 females and 38 males) were used in experiments, ~6% failed to fly &amp;gt;1 km in 24 h and were excluded from analyses. Of those 82 weevils flying &amp;gt;1 km in 24 h, the average distance flown by males and females was ~41 and ~53 km, respectively. Approximately 10% of females flew &amp;gt;100 km in 24 h, with two (~4%) females flying &amp;gt;140 km. The maximum recorded distance flown by a male weevil was 95 km. Flight activity was predominantly diurnal and flying weevils exhibited an average weight loss of ~18% while non-flying control weevils lost ~13% body weight in 24 h. The combined flight distances for male and female weevils exhibited a heavy-tailed platykurtic distribution. Flight mill data for R. palmarum are compared to similarly collected flight mill data for two other species of invasive palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) and Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaa115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T12:55:45Z","timestamp":1589288145000},"page":"1786-1795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["How Far Can <i>Rhynchophorus palmarum<\/i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fly?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Mark S","family":"Hoddle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA"},{"name":"Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina D","family":"Hoddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Milosavljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.2015-10-897","article-title":"Review of management of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) in date palm Phoenix dactylifera L","volume":"28","author":"Al-Dosary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food Agr"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1653\/024.098.0402","article-title":"Diel flight activity patterns of the red palm weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as monitored by smart traps","volume":"98","author":"Aldryhim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0003","first-page":"47","article-title":"Effect of irrigation on within-grove distribution of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus","volume":"8","author":"Aldryhim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Agric. Mar. Sci"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485316000341","article-title":"Flight behaviour and dispersal of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using mark-release-recapture method","volume":"106","author":"\u00c1valos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0005","author":"Bech","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20172829","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.2829","article-title":"Higher flight activity in the offspring of migrants compared to residents in a migratory insect","volume":"285","author":"D\u00e4llenbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12065","article-title":"Challenges and prospects in the telemetry of insects","volume":"89","author":"Daniel Kissling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10905-018-9669-x","article-title":"Radio-tracking suggests high dispersal ability of the great capricorn beetle (Cerambyx cerdo)","volume":"31","author":"Drag","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Insect. Behav"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0009","author":"El-Lissy","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0010","author":"El-Lissy","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2338.2005.00883.x","article-title":"Rhynchophorus palmarum","volume":"35","author":"European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO)","year":"2005","journal-title":"OEPP\/EPPO Bull"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1653\/024.096.0433","article-title":"Detection of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and identification of associated nematodes in south Texas","volume":"96","author":"Esparza-D\u00edaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/03949370.2014.905500","article-title":"Daily activity and non-random occurrences of captures in the Asian palm weevils","volume":"26","author":"Fanini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethol. Ecol. Evol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0014","first-page":"415","article-title":"Primer informe del Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) en Baja California Sur","volume":"42","author":"Garcia-Hernandez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Folia Entomol. Mex"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0015","first-page":"143","article-title":"Association of the red ring nematode and other nematode species with the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum","volume":"22","author":"Gerber","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Nematol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938291.0001","article-title":"Biology and management of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus,","volume-title":"Potential invasive pests of agricultural crops","author":"Giblin-Davis","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0017","first-page":"193","article-title":"Red ring disease of coconut palm","volume":"71","author":"Griffith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/58.1.22","article-title":"On the life history and habits of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum","volume":"58","author":"Hagley","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-016-0464-x","article-title":"Impact of active and passive radio tags on the flying and burrowing behavior of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)","volume":"52","author":"Hamidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0020","author":"Hoddle","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0021","author":"Hoddle","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0022","author":"Hoddle","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tov402","article-title":"How far can the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), fly?","volume":"109","author":"Hoddle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0024","first-page":"40","article-title":"Palmageddon: the invasion of California by the South American palm weevil is underway","volume":"20","author":"Hoddle","year":"2017","journal-title":"CAPCA Adviser"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tov240","article-title":"How far can the red palm weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fly?: computerized flight mill studies with field-captured weevils","volume":"108","author":"Hoddle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"The South American palm weevil, a new threat to palms in California and the southwest","volume":"3","author":"Hodel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Palm Arbor"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/3496348","article-title":"Symptoms and population dynamics of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canary Island date palms","volume":"83","author":"Hunsberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.2307\/2265698","article-title":"Dispersal data and the spread of invading organisms","volume":"77","author":"Kot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/535062","article-title":"Impact of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (St\u00e5l), in mid-Atlantic tree fruit orchards in the United States: case studies of commercial management","author":"Leskey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091401","article-title":"Population ecology of insect invasions and their management","volume":"53","author":"Liebhold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10905-016-9554-4","article-title":"Use of radio telemetry for studying flight movements of Pasysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)","volume":"29","author":"Li\u00e9geois","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Insect. Behav"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0032","first-page":"157","article-title":"Modeling the geographic spread of invasive species,","volume-title":"J. L. Lockwood, M. F. Hoopes, M. P. Marchetti (eds.), Invasion ecology","author":"Lockwood","year":"2013","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143210","article-title":"Rhyncophorus palmarum in disguise: undescribed polymorphism in the \u2018black\u2019 palm weevil","volume":"10","author":"L\u00f6hr","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1603\/EC13525","article-title":"Assessing the flight capabilities of the goldspotted oak borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with computerized flight mills","volume":"107","author":"Lopez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tox046","article-title":"Assessing flight potential of the invasive Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with computerized flight mills","volume":"110","author":"Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1603\/AN14028","article-title":"Abdominal color of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is associated with flight capabilities","volume":"107","author":"Martini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4039\/tce.2017.1","article-title":"The effect of cold storage of mass reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on subsequent flight capacity","volume":"149","author":"Matveev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-018-1044-3","article-title":"Palmageddon: the wasting of ornamental palms by invasive palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp","volume":"92","author":"Milosavljevi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/een.12521","article-title":"The tethered flight technique as a tool for studying life history strategies associated with migration in insects","volume":"43","author":"Minter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0040","first-page":"92","article-title":"Judas beetles: discovering cryptic breeding sites by radio-tracking coconut rhinoceros beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","volume":"46","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1366-9516.2006.00218.x","article-title":"Modelling local and long distance dispersal of invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera) in North America","volume":"12","author":"Muirhead","year":"2006","journal-title":"Divers. Distrib"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/say041","article-title":"Assessing insect flight behavior in the laboratory: a primer on flight mill methodology and what can be learned","volume":"112","author":"Naranjo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-016-0720-0","article-title":"Palm weevil pheromones\u2014discovery and use","volume":"42","author":"Oehlschlager","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1890\/08-0153.1","article-title":"The L\u00e9vy flight paradigm: random search patterns and mechanisms","volume":"90","author":"Reynolds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0045","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT user\u2019s guide 9.4","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2013","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1926.10502161","article-title":"The choice of a class interval","volume":"21","author":"Sturges","year":"1926","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10905-010-9202-3","article-title":"Flight performance of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on a flight mill and in free flight","volume":"23","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Insect. Behav"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0048","author":"USDA-NASS","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018011","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0111","article-title":"Resource dispersion influences dispersal evolution of highly insulated insect communities","volume":"14","author":"Venkateswaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Lett"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-019-00167-5","article-title":"Radio telemetry helps record the dispersal patterns of birdwing butterflies in mountainous habitats: golden birdwing (Troides aeacus) as an example","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Insec. Conserv"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0051","first-page":"1","article-title":"A revision of the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","volume":"1","author":"Wattanapongsiri","year":"1966","journal-title":"Dept. Agric. Sci. Bull"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0052","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0053","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/22.1.93","article-title":"Water loss dynamics and humidity preference of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults","volume":"22","author":"Weissling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/87.5.641","article-title":"Flight behavior and seasonal trapping for Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","volume":"87","author":"Weissling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2014.917055","article-title":"Kurtosis as peakedness, 1905\u20132014","volume":"68","author":"Westfall","year":"2014","journal-title":"R.I.P. Am. Stat"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-014-0582-6","article-title":"Factors affecting flight capacity of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)","volume":"88","author":"Wiman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci"},{"key":"2021060800073450600_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-016-0475-7","article-title":"The influence of geographic population, age, and mating status on the flight activity of the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in China","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"App. Entomol. Zool"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/113\/4\/1786\/33649235\/toaa115.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/113\/4\/1786\/33649235\/toaa115.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:22:44Z","timestamp":1623111764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article\/113\/4\/1786\/5854158"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cheryle","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toaa115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0493","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-291X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]}}}