{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:49Z","timestamp":1787009089245,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006095","name":"California Department of Pesticide Regulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11-C0089 and 13-C0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11-C0089 and 13-C0064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006488","name":"Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-3693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-3693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-70006-24164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-70006-24164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008563","name":"Citrus Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-5500-214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-5500-214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-70006-24164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-70006-24164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Integrated pest management (IPM) guidelines for horticulture are typically established from years of experimental research and experience for a crop species. Ecoinformatics methods can help to quickly adapt these guidelines following major changes in growing practices. Citrus production in California is facing several major challenges, one of which is a shift away from sweet oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Sapindales: Rutaceae] toward mandarins (including mostly cultivars of C. reticulata Blanco and C. clementina hort. ex Tanaka). In the absence of IPM guidelines for mandarins, growers are relying on pest information developed from oranges. We mined a database of management records from commercial growers and consultants to determine densities for four arthropod pests: cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), citricola scale (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana Hemiptera: Coccidae), European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus Dermaptera: Forficulidae), citrus red mite (Panonychus citri McGregor Acari: Tetranychidae), and a natural enemy, predatory mites in the genus Euseius (Congdon Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Densities of cottony cushion scale were approximately 10\u201340 times higher in the two most commonly grown mandarin species than in sweet oranges, suggesting this pest is reaching outbreak levels more often on mandarins. Densities of the other pests and predatory mites did not differ significantly across citrus species. This is a first step toward establishing IPM guidelines for mandarins for these pests; more research is needed to determine how arthropod densities relate to crop performance in mandarins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaa141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1592291358000},"page":"2335-2342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Arthropod Infestation Levels on Mandarins in California"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodil N","family":"Cass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey M","family":"Hack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6127-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias G","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darian","family":"Buckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8347-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth E","family":"Grafton-Cardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9228-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay A","family":"Rosenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021071100010679500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/46.1.25","article-title":"Natural control of citricola scale in California","volume":"46","author":"Bartlett","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. 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Entomol","author":"Caltagirone","year":"1989"},{"key":"2021071100010679500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toz241","article-title":"Resistance of fruits from a mandarin cultivar to feeding by fork-tailed bush katydids","volume":"112","author":"Cass","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2021071100010679500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toz133","article-title":"Impacts of fruit-feeding arthropod pests on oranges and mandarins in California","volume":"112","author":"Cass","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Econ. 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