{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:17:17Z","timestamp":1768321037917,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Firewood and wood packaging material (WPM) are major pathways for moving bark- and wood-infesting insects (borers). Heat treatment regulations for interstate firewood movement vary among U.S. states: from 56\u00b0C for 30 min to 71.1\u00b0C for 75 min. Current WPM international standards (ISPM 15) require heating to a minimum of 56\u00b0C for 30 min throughout the profile of the wood. Using bolts from infested ash (Fraxinus), birch (Betula), oak (Quercus), and pine (Pinus) trees in Michigan, we assessed borer mortality at core temperatures of 50, 53, 56, and 60\u00b0C maintained for 30 min in chambers set to 60, 65, 70, or 75\u00b0C. After treatment, bolts were monitored for adult emergence and later dissected to determine borer mortality rates. Mortality was high to complete for all heat treatments and increased with both increasing core and chamber temperatures. For the Agrilus (Buprestidae) species tested, there was complete mortality of Agrilus anxius on birch and Agrilus planipennis on ash when core temperatures of 56\u00b0C or higher were targeted regardless of chamber temperature. However, on oak, a few Agrilus bilineatus and Agrilus sulcicollis survived in bolts heated to 56\u00b0C in chambers at 60 and 65\u00b0C, and some A. sulcicollis survived in chambers set at 70 and 75\u00b0C. Similarly, a few pine-infesting borers survived heating to 56\u00b0C at all chamber temperatures. However, there was complete mortality in all hosts when bolts were heated to 60\u00b0C for 30 min, regardless of chamber temperature. Results are discussed in terms of current treatment regulations for firewood and WPM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toac138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T13:50:02Z","timestamp":1664373002000},"page":"1964-1975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mortality of Bark- and Wood-boring Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae) in Naturally Infested Heat-treated Ash, Birch, Oak, and Pine Bolts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Haack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station , 3101 Discovery Drive, Suite F, Lansing, MI 48910 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4098-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toby R","family":"Petrice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station , 3101 Discovery Drive, Suite F, Lansing, MI 48910 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022121408295856800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-017-1515-0","article-title":"Phytosanitary measures to reduce the movement of forest pests with the international trade of wood products","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. 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