{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:12:23Z","timestamp":1740147143078,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"USDA-Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3094-32000-039-00D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3094-32000-039-00D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-38422-24061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-38422-24061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cattle fever ticks, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and Boophilus annulatus (Say), are native to Eurasia and have invaded the New World as vectors of bovine Babesiosis. Due to severe losses in livestock production, an eradication program by the USDA was established. Premises infested with Boophilus ticks are subject to regulatory oversight that includes acaricide treatment and quarantine. The quarantine duration varies between summer through winter and is based on the available information on the persistence of the off-host stages in pastures far from south Texas. The objective of this study was to assess the specific effect of thermal stress measured in degree-days on the longevity of B. annulatus and B. microplus off-host stages in south Texas pastures. Our results demonstrate that the longest off-host persistence for B. annulatus was 142 days under canopied habitat in the winter and 130 days in the summer. On the other hand, B. microplus off-host persistence was 113 days under canopy and 103 days in exposed habitat, both in winter. The results indicate that temperature was a key variable that prolonged the survival of B. annulatus but not B. microplus. In areas such as south Texas at the northernmost extent of B. microplus range, where mild winters prevail, we found a maximum persistence of less than 4 months (113 days), very close to the previous published record of 116 days. A reduction in the Texas pasture quarantine period from 9 months to 6 months would be justified for this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toad237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T12:26:37Z","timestamp":1703852797000},"page":"358-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Degree-days and off-host longevity of cattle fever ticks, <i>Boophilus spp.<\/i> (Acari: Ixodidae) in south Texas pastures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charluz M","family":"Arocho Rosario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Leal-Galvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0373-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald B","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cattle Fever Tick Research Unit , 22675 North Moorefield Road, Edinburg, TX 78541 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0001","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Potential ecological distribution of alien invasive species and risk assessment: a case study of buffel grass in arid regions of Mexico","volume-title":"Conserv Biol","author":"Arriaga","year":"2001"},{"issue":"110966","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cold hardening improves larval tick questing under low temperatures as the expense of longevity","volume":"257","author":"Benoit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0003","first-page":"41","article-title":"Vegetational survey of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas","volume":"4","author":"Clover","year":"1937","journal-title":"Madro\u00f1o"},{"volume-title":"Manual of the vascular plants of Texas","year":"1979","author":"Correll","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0004"},{"volume-title":"Tick eradication: the life history and habits of the North American fever tick with special reference to eradication","year":"1908","author":"Cotton","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0005"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0006","first-page":"141","article-title":"Dry country plants of the south Texas plains","volume":"2","author":"Crosswhite","year":"1980","journal-title":"Desert Plants"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0007","first-page":"17","article-title":"Daily dynamics of egg development and fecundity and effect of age of larvae on attachment rate to cattle in Boophilus annulatus","volume":"11","author":"Davey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Southwest Entomol"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of temperature on the ovipositional biology and egg viability of the cattle tick Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume-title":"Exp Appl Acarol","author":"Davey","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(91)90110-H","article-title":"Survival of larvae of Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus microplus and Boophilus hybrids (Acari: Ixodidae) in different temperature and humidity regimes in the laboratory","volume":"40","author":"Davey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0010","first-page":"117","article-title":"Ovipositional biology of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), in the laboratory","volume-title":"J Med Entomol","author":"Davey","year":"1980"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/17.3.287","article-title":"Ovipositional biology of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae), in the laboratory","volume":"17","author":"Davey","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ovipositional and morphological comparisons of Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from different geographic areas","volume-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am","author":"Davey","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0013","first-page":"185","article-title":"Comparative reproduction and non-parasitic development of Boophilus microplus and hybridized Boophilus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) under natural field conditions in subtropical Texas","volume-title":"Exp Appl Acarol","author":"Davey","year":"1994"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0014","first-page":"219","article-title":"The known distribution and ecological preferences of the tick subgenus Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa and Latin America","volume-title":"Exp Appl Acarol","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0015","first-page":"350","article-title":"High resolution mapping for Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico and southern Texas","volume-title":"Vet Parasitol","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11223","article-title":"Reinstatement of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) australis (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of the adult and larval stages","volume":"49","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0017","first-page":"66","article-title":"Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae): oviposition, egg viability and larval longevity in grass and wooded environments of Puerto Rico","volume-title":"Environ Entomol","author":"Garris","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-189","article-title":"Invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern United States","volume":"7","author":"Giles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0019","first-page":"629","article-title":"Eradication programs for the arthropods parasites of livestock","volume-title":"J Med Entomol","author":"Graham","year":"1977"},{"volume-title":"Studies on the biology of the Texas fever tick. USDA Bulletin 130","year":"1911","author":"Graybill","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0020"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0021","first-page":"39","article-title":"Control of golden crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with postemergence herbicides","volume-title":"Peanut Sci","author":"Grichar","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0022","first-page":"145","article-title":"Studies of the non-parasitic stages on the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acarina: Ixodidae)","volume-title":"Aust J Zool","author":"Hitchcock","year":"1955"},{"volume-title":"African Ixodoidea. Vol. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus, and Hyalomma)","year":"1956","author":"Hoogstraal","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0023"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.65064","volume-title":"The life history and bionomics of some North American ticks","author":"Hooker","year":"1912"},{"volume-title":"Tamaulipan Brushland of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas: description, human impacts, and management options","year":"1988","author":"Jahrsdoefer","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0025"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Population dynamics of off-host Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae in response to habitat and seasonality in South Texas","volume":"5","author":"Leal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0027","first-page":"425","article-title":"Questing by tick larvae (Acari: Ixodidae): a review of the influences that affect off-host survival","volume-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am","author":"Leal","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0028","first-page":"770","article-title":"Distributions of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations along the Texas\/Mexico border","volume-title":"J Med Entomol","author":"Lohmeyer","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.03.009","article-title":"Non-parasitic life cycle of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Panicum maximum pastures in north Argentana","volume":"115","author":"Mastropaulo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0030","first-page":"114","article-title":"Biology, distribution, and impacts of silver leaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav)","volume-title":"EPPO Bull","author":"Mekki","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0031","first-page":"659","article-title":"Off-host physiological ecology of ixodid ticks","volume-title":"Annu Rev Entomol","author":"Needham","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/12.3.613","article-title":"Day-Degree methods for pest management","volume":"12","author":"Preuss","year":"1983","journal-title":"Environ Entomol"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0033","first-page":"165","article-title":"Modeling embryo development and emergence of Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume-title":"J Med Entomol","author":"Strey","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0034","first-page":"109","article-title":"Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis","volume-title":"Vet Parasitol","author":"Suarez","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0035","first-page":"193","article-title":"The effect of desiccation and low temperature on the viability of eggs and emerging larvae of the tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Ixodidae)","volume-title":"Int J Parasitol","author":"Sutherst","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0036","first-page":"87","article-title":"Simulation of host-parasite-landscape interactions: Influence of season and habitat on cattle fever tick (Boophilus sp) population dynamics in rotational grazing systems","volume-title":"Ecol Model","author":"Teel","year":"1997"},{"year":"2023","author":"Texas Animal Health Commission","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0037"},{"year":"2020","author":"United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database","key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0038"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9610752","article-title":"The use of sampling methods in studies of the distribution of larvae of Boophilus microplus on pastures","volume":"9","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Aust J Zool"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0040","first-page":"55","article-title":"Cluster-promoted water conservation by larvae of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume-title":"Int J Acarol","author":"Yoder","year":"1999"},{"key":"2024021211320270900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101317","article-title":"Survival of off-host Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae in study arenas in relation to climatic factors and habitats in South Texas, USA","volume":"11","author":"Zamora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/117\/1\/358\/56662257\/toad237.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/117\/1\/358\/56662257\/toad237.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T11:33:41Z","timestamp":1707737621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article\/117\/1\/358\/7503670"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sean","family":"Prager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toad237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0493"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1938-291X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]}}}