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To mitigate its infestation and to reduce our reliance on chemical pesticides, a naturally occurring nucleopolyhedrovirus (DiinNPV), was isolated from the deceased D. infuscalae larvae. Bioassays confirmed its high virulence against D. infuscalae under laboratory conditions. DiinNPV was then characterized morphologically using electron microscopy and genetically through the whole-genome sequencing. Its occlusion bodies consist of irregularly shaped polyhedra, which contain multiple enveloped, rod-shaped virions, each with a single nucleocapsid. The 77,381\u2005bp genome, with a 33.9% G\u2005+\u2005C content, is the smallest among baculoviruses. It encodes 83 open reading frames, including 38 core, 8 lepidopteran, 34 hymenopteran, and 3 DiinNPV specific baculovirus genes, along with 2 direct repeats and 4 homologous repeats. Phylogenetic analyses and Kimura-2-parameter distances identify DiinNPV as a novel gammabaculovirus, provisionally named Gammabaculovirus diprinfuscalae. Gene parity plot and Mauve analyses exhibit high collinearity with other gammabaculoviruses and highlight nonsyntenic regions with inversions and rearrangements between orf2 and orf30 in comparison to 2 other hymenopteran baculovirus, NeleNPV and NeabNPV. Our toxicity assays, together with morphological and genomic characterization, provide strong evidence for DiinNPV\u2019s potential as a biocontrol agent and support its integration into integrated pest management strategies against D. infuscalae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaf159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:04:09Z","timestamp":1751605449000},"page":"2370-2384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biological and genomic characterization of a novel gammabaculovirus for biocontrol of <i>Diprion infuscalae<\/i> (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Permanent Scientific Research Base for Warm Temperate Zone Forestry of Jiulong Mountain in Beijing , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuguo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101718574439600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03518-7","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of CCHC-type zinc finger (ZCCHC) proteins in yeast, Arabidopsis, and humans","volume":"77","author":"Aceituno-Valenzuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. 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