{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:33:41Z","timestamp":1789497221804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20220203198SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220203198SF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus; Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major cereal pest and a vector within the barley yellow dwarf virus complex. Manual scouting is labor-intensive and can be inconsistent, motivating rapid, image-based monitoring. We developed R. padi Count, an optimized deep learning framework built on Ultralytics YOLO11 for automated detection and image-level counting of R. padi in cluttered imagery. Starting from a YOLO11n baseline, we integrated an ADown downsampling module, Triplet Attention, and a Focusing Diffusion Pyramid Network module to improve small-object discrimination while limiting computational overhead. The model was trained and evaluated on smartphone images acquired under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions that captured variable backgrounds and occlusion. Relative to evaluated YOLO baselines, R. padi Count improved detection accuracy and reduced counting error, achieving a mean average precision at an IoU threshold of 0.50 (mAP50) of 92.97%, with an image-level mean absolute error of 1.86 aphids per image and a root mean squared error of 3.50 aphids per image. These results support the feasibility of practical, image-based aphid monitoring in the studied setting and provide a foundation for future evaluations of cross-scenario robustness and on-device performance in deployment contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:45:55Z","timestamp":1773773155000},"page":"1047-1059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["YOLO11-based deep learning and machine vision framework for automated detection and counting of\n                    <i>Rhopalosiphum padi<\/i>\n                    (Hemiptera: Aphididae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Weibo","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute for the Smart Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiman","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah International University Department of Mathematics, , Islamabad,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohail","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunguang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute for the Smart Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianye","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pak-American Institute of Management Sciences Department of Computer Engineering, , Lahore,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7698-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamin","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute for the Smart Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041316493184100_toag048-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.109090","article-title":"Agricultural object detection with You Only Look Once (YOLO) Algorithm: a bibliometric and systematic literature review","volume":"223","author":"Badgujar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. 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