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Traditionally used in various cultural pharmacopeias, these insects are now drawing an increasing interest in pharmacological and biomedical research communities. Most medicinal insects belong to the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Blattoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. This review highlights key insect species with therapeutic relevance, exploring their roles in traditional medicine, the bioactive compounds they produce, and their emerging applications in modern healthcare, starting with a focus on Africa continent and expanding to a global perspective. Recent pharmacological advances have enabled the isolation of compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and immunomodulatory effects, providing promising avenues for drug discovery and human health improvement. The review also discusses key challenges. It advocates for intensified multidisciplinary research to unlock new therapeutic pathways while promoting more resilient and biodiversity-conscious health models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:19:55Z","timestamp":1785323995000},"page":"3131-3155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medicinal insects: a promising biological resource for human health and potential pharmaceutical applications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Fogn\u00e9","family":"Drabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Entomology Laboratory (LEFA), Joseph KI-ZERBO University , Ouagadougou 03,","place":["Burkina Faso"]},{"name":"Ziniar\u00e9 University Center, Joseph KI-ZERBO University , Ouagadougou 03,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3152-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idrissa","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Dori, Thomas Sankara University , Ouagadougou 12, Saaba,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2102-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahim","family":"Romba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Entomology Laboratory (LEFA), Joseph KI-ZERBO University , Ouagadougou 03,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ouango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Entomology Laboratory (LEFA), Joseph KI-ZERBO University , Ouagadougou 03,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hama","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University , Ouagadougou,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6006-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Gnankine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Entomology Laboratory (LEFA), Joseph KI-ZERBO University , Ouagadougou 03,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101302541644200_toag219-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72379-y","article-title":"Phytochemical profiling and characterization of flavonoid derivatives from propolis sample and investigation of cytotoxic and antiprotozoal activities","volume":"14","author":"Alanazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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