{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:45:46Z","timestamp":1791877546884,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seed Grant for the Innovative Hub"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006597","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), has never been intercepted in wooden stakes or in\u2011ground (IG) bait stations in South Florida. We used a large arena to test whether laboratory colonies of C. gestroi could intercept baits placed 3\u2009m apart, following label specifications. In contrast to our field observations, these laboratory colonies readily intercepted baits in 13.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2 d, a rate not statistically different from the Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5 d). The cause of this discrepancy between laboratory and field behavior is still under investigation. There were no significant differences in most tunnel\u2011geometry parameters between C. gestroi and C. formosanus. However, the secondary\u2011tunnel length distribution differed significantly, with C. gestroi constructing a greater number of shorter secondary tunnels than C. formosanus. Fractal analysis showed that C. formosanus produced more abundant and more complex tunnel networks than C. gestroi. A distinctive behavior in C. gestroi was observed when a tunnel approached within 17.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8\u2009cm of a bait, at which point the tunnel shifted direction toward the bait. GC\u2011MS analysis and the use of new Plexiglas arena ruled out any involvement of trail\u2011following pheromones. Follow\u2011up experiments evaluating light, magnetism, bait odor, temperature gradients, colony age, and substrate type also failed to identify a causal mechanism. Despite clear behavioral evidence of short\u2011range bait detection, the sensory basis underlying this response in C. gestroi remains unresolved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T11:41:16Z","timestamp":1783856476000},"page":"3570-3575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tunnel geometry of the Asian subterranean termite,\n                    <i>Coptotermes gestroi<\/i>\n                    (Blattodea: Heterotermitidae) in large arenas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan-Yao","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , Fort Lauderdale, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3154-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Chouvenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , Fort Lauderdale, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnalyn","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , Fort Lauderdale, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kukhyun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , Fort Lauderdale, FL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":":","key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B0571171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2005.098","article-title":"Foraging activity and demographic patterns of two termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) living in urban landscapes in southern Brazil","volume":"102","author":"Arab","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Entomol."},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B1","volume-title":"Investigating animal abundance: capture-recapture for biologists","author":"Begon","year":"1979"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-024-00679-0","article-title":"Hybrids of two destructive subterranean termites established in the field, revealing a potential for gene flow between species","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb)"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B7589992","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tow050","article-title":"Naturalization and Control of","volume":"109","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1079\/9781800621596.0018","volume-title":"Biology and management of the Formosan subterranean termite and related species","author":"Chouvenc","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaf370","article-title":"Ongoing monitoring of the spread of 2 invasive subterranean termite species (Coptotermes Wasmann) in Florida (1990 to 2025)","volume":"119","author":"Chouvenc","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20250413","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.0413","article-title":"Ongoing human-mediated spread and hybridization of two major invasive termite species","volume":"292","author":"Chouvenc","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toae259","article-title":"Subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus [Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae]) colonies can readily intercept commercial inground bait stations placed at label-prescribed distance","volume":"118","author":"Gazdick","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2307\/1942661","article-title":"Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments","volume":"54","author":"Hurlbert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B8","first-page":"411","article-title":"Control of foraging colonies of subterranean termites, Coptotermes travians (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Malaysia using hexaflumuron baits","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B9","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th conference of the Pacific-Rim Termite Research Group","author":"Lee","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toae020","article-title":"Termite baiting\u2014how it changed the landscape of the pest management industry and termite research in Southeast Asia","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B11","first-page":"460","volume-title":"The fractal geometry of nature","author":"Mandelbrot","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B12","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core TeAm","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120710-100634","article-title":"Managing social insects of urban importance","volume":"57","author":"Rust","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B14","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Urban Pests, Singapore","author":"Sajap","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B15","first-page":"763","article-title":"Environmental factors influencing the foraging and feeding behavior of two termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in natural habitats","volume":"55","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/87.2.389","article-title":"Field evaluation of a hexaflumuron bait for population suppression of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)","volume":"87","author":"Su","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3999","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7594","article-title":"A comparison of tunnel geometry between the Formosan Subterranean termite and Asian subterranean termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)","volume":"79","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"issue":":","key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B46327886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toad157","article-title":"A comparison between above-ground bait stations and experimental caulk baits for elimination of field colonies of the Asian subterranean termite,","volume":"116","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B18","first-page":"299","article-title":"A method to access, trap, and monitor field populations of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the urban environment","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B19","first-page":"353","article-title":"Foraging population and territory of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in an urban environment","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2307\/3495774","article-title":"A new introduction of a subterranean termite, Coptotermes havilandi Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Miami, Florida","volume":"80","author":"Su","year":"1997","journal-title":"Florida Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B6501291","first-page":"471","article-title":"Characterization of tunneling geometry of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) by computer simulation","volume":"44","author":"Su","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects8010014","article-title":"Potential hybridization between two invasive termite species, Coptotermes formosanus and C. gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), and its biological and economic implications","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.2.415","article-title":"Control of Coptotermes havilandi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) with hexaflumuron baits and a sensor incorporated into a monitoring-baiting program","volume":"93","author":"Su","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toad077","article-title":"Elimination of structural and tree infestations of the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) with noviflumuron baits in above-ground stations","volume":"116","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/2.4.721","article-title":"A simple method to observe, trap, and prepare large numbers of subterranean termites for laboratory and field experiments","volume":"2","author":"Tamashiro","year":"1973","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101302540103200_toag222-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3390\/insects1190569","article-title":"Efficacy of minimum application of chlorfluazuron baiting to control urban subterranean termite \u00adpopulations of Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)","volume":"11","author":"Umar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/119\/5\/3570\/70101117\/toag222.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/119\/5\/3570\/70101117\/toag222.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:54:11Z","timestamp":1791874451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article\/119\/5\/3570\/8742084"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chin-Cheng","family":"\u201cScotty\u201d Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toag222","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0493","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-291X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]}}}