{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:06:38Z","timestamp":1788887198976,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024MC216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MC216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014761","name":"Qingdao Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-4-4-zrjj-140-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-4-4-zrjj-140-jch"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32472561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32472561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (H\u00fcbner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest, and S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) is a host-specific biological control agent. However, baculovirus efficacy can be limited by host antiviral responses. S. exigua peptidoglycan recognition protein LB (SePGRP-LB) has been identified as an antiviral immune factor, suggesting that its suppression may increase larval susceptibility to SeMNPV. In this study, bacterially produced double-stranded RNA targeting SePGRP-LB (bac-dsPGRP-LB) was orally delivered to larvae to induce RNA interference. Feeding bac-dsPGRP-LB reduced SePGRP-LB transcript levels by 24.0% to 65.7% over 7\u2009d. SePGRP-LB knockdown prolonged fifth-instar larval development, reduced female pupal weight, shortened male adult longevity and the oviposition period, and decreased fecundity by approximately 51%. Life table analysis further showed significant reductions in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (\u03bb), and net reproductive rate (R0) following bac-dsPGRP-LB treatment. During SeMNPV infection, co-feeding with bac-dsPGRP-LB significantly suppressed SePGRP-LB expression, increased the SeMNPV genomic load, and reduced larval survival compared with the SeMNPV\u2009+\u2009bac-dsGFP treatment. These findings identify SePGRP-LB as a promising RNAi target for simultaneously reducing S. exigua fitness and enhancing its susceptibility to SeMNPV under laboratory conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:50:20Z","timestamp":1787313020000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterially produced dsRNA targeting SePGRP-LB reduces population fitness of\n                    <i>Spodoptera exigua<\/i>\n                    (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and increases its susceptibility to SeMNPV"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingrui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianlong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1634-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanghao","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1359","article-title":"Control of coleopteran insect pests through RNA interference","volume":"25","author":"Baum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-033020-090410","article-title":"The interplay between viruses and RNAi pathways in insects","volume":"66","author":"Bonning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2005)098[0191:FSRAOR]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Fecundity\u2013body size relationship and other reproductive aspects of Streblote panda (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)","volume":"98","author":"Calvo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/17.1.26","article-title":"Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals","volume":"17","author":"Chi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2022\/1851","article-title":"TWOSEX-MSChart: the key tool for life table research and education","volume":"42","author":"Chi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Entomologia"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B6","first-page":"225","article-title":"Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology","volume":"24","author":"Chi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sinica."},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2020.104672","article-title":"Stability of double-stranded RNA in gut contents and hemolymph of Ostrinia nubilalis larvae","volume":"169","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00451","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA technology to control insect pests: current status and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Christiaens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2022.103744","article-title":"Functional analysis of candidate genes involved in RNAi response in lepidopteran insects","volume":"143","author":"Di Lelio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06848","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6848","article-title":"Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV)","volume":"19","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA. J"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00051","article-title":"A perspective on RNAi-based biopesticides","volume":"11","author":"Fletcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6011","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.001553","article-title":"A nuclease specific to lepidopteran insects suppresses RNAi","volume":"293","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2015.07.009","article-title":"Insect pathogens as biological control agents: back to the future","volume":"132","author":"Lacey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146178","article-title":"SePGRP-SA promotes antiviral immunity in Spodoptera exigua via Toll pathway activation","volume":"321","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13158","article-title":"Antiviral function of peptidoglycan recognition protein in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672400","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.672400","article-title":"Synergistic effects of Tomato chlorosis virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus mixed infection on host tomato pl-ants and the whitefly vector","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B17","first-page":"383","article-title":"The artificial diet and the mass rearing method of Spodoptera exigua","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Entomol. Knowl"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.018","article-title":"Negative regulation by amidase PGRPs shapes the Drosophila antibacterial response and protects the fly from innocuous infection","volume":"35","author":"Paredes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2023.101060","article-title":"The complex interactions between nutrition, immunity and fitness in insects","volume":"58","author":"Ponton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2022.105166","article-title":"Why is oral-induced RNA interference inefficient in Diatraea saccharalis? a possible role for DsREase and other nucleases","volume":"186","author":"Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.03.003","article-title":"Absolute quantification of cassava brown streak virus mRNA by real-time qPCR","volume":"245","author":"Shirima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods."},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2010.11.006","article-title":"RNA interference in Lepidoptera: an overview of successful and unsuccessful studies and implications for experimental design","volume":"57","author":"Terenius","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006225","article-title":"Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera exigua, by ingestion of bacteria expressing dsRNA of a non-midgut gene","volume":"4","author":"Tian","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183054","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183054","article-title":"Optimization of recombinant bacteria expressing dsRNA to enhance insecticidal activity against a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua","volume":"12","author":"Vatanparast","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836106","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.836106","article-title":"Methods for the cost-effective production of bacteria-derived double-stranded RNA for in vitro knockdown studies","volume":"13","author":"Verdonckt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711860","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.711860","article-title":"RNA interference-based pest management: production, application and the fate of dsRNA","volume":"9","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.02.012","article-title":"The Drosophila amidase PGRP-LB modulates the immune response to bacterial infection","volume":"24","author":"Zaidman-R\u00e9my","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaf213","article-title":"A comparison of the development time, survival, and fecundity of Chionarctia nivea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on 4 different host plants","volume":"118","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026090812102714600_toag270-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2048","article-title":"Ingested RNA interference for managing populations of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata","volume":"67","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toag270\/70997246\/toag270.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toag270\/70997246\/toag270.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:10:40Z","timestamp":1788883840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toag270\/8788069"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Tamborindeguy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toag270","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0493","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-291X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"article-number":"toag270"}}