{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:44:48Z","timestamp":1792025088050,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae decompose several organic wastes into valuable biomass (oil, protein, chitin, and frass) for promising applications. Black Soldier Fly Oil (BSFO) is extracted using a mechanical pressing method, an affordable technique that yields about 24.56% oil. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis of oil showed a high content of fatty acids, with 3 predominant fatty acids, oleic acid (40.14%), palmitic acid (24.53%), and lauric acid (10.00%). Black soldier fly oil nanoemulsion (BSFO-NE) exhibited a droplet size of 274.50\u2009\u00b1\u20097.42\u2009nm, a polydispersity index of 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01, a zeta potential of \u221226.70\u2009\u00b1\u20091.07\u2009mV, and a spherical droplet morphology of 90.00\u2009\u00b1\u200910.00\u2009nm, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. The insecticidal activity of BSFO and BSFO-NE was evaluated against the fourth instar of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using the leaf-dipping method, and they showed LC50 of 5.40% and 0.94% (v\/v), 48\u2009h post-treatment, respectively. BSFO and BSFO-NE caused severe developmental and morphological alterations. Moreover, they significantly reduced total protein and lipid contents, total antioxidant capacity, and the enzymatic activity of lipase in treated fourth instar A. ipsilon compared to the control (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). They significantly stimulated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and \u03b1-esterase activities relative to untreated (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). BSFO-NE induced extensive midgut tissue damage and histolysis. The mode of action was interpreted by molecular docking. This study sheds light on the possible use of BSFO and BSFO-NE as a circular economy approach and sustainable, high-yield insect-derived biopesticides to be integrated into pest management programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:49:52Z","timestamp":1789040992000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable and affordable pest control: In silico study and toxicological effects of black soldier fly,\n                    <i>Hermetia illucens<\/i>\n                    (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), oil, and its nanoemulsion against\n                    <i>Agrotis ipsilon<\/i>\n                    (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-4534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa R","family":"Abdel-Haleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5990-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba Y","family":"Mady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University , Cairo,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9390-6618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha M","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University , Cairo,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a","article-title":"A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-024-00692-9","article-title":"Insights into larval development and protein biochemical alterations of Agrotis ipsilon following Beauveria bassiana and Solanum lycopersicum treatments","volume":"11","author":"Abd-Allah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.21608\/jppp.2025.397792.1355","article-title":"Toxicological and biological effect of some oils and their nano-emulsions on Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"16","author":"Abd-ElAzeem","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant Protect. Pathol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag157","article-title":"Comparative insecticidal, biochemical and in silico studies of eco-friendly essential oils against two lepidopteran insects, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"119","author":"Abd-Elnabi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.21608\/eajbsa.2013.13241","article-title":"Effect of certain plant oils on biological and biochemical aspects of Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"6","author":"Abdel-Aziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt. Acad. J. Biol. Sci. (A. Entomol.)"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12645","article-title":"Larvicidal \u00adevaluation of two novel cationic gemini surfactants against Culex pipiens","volume":"37","author":"Abdel-Haleem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9040624","article-title":"Toxicity of essential oils nanoemulsion against Aphis craccivora and their inhibitory activity on insect enzymes","volume":"9","author":"Abdelaal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.21608\/ejchem.2021.96557.4518","article-title":"Effect of various extraction methods and solvent types on yield, phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Spathodea nilotica leaves","volume":"64","author":"Abdelbaky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2025.108959","article-title":"Synthesis, larvicidal activity, and in silico mechanistic insights of novel polyfunctionalized pyridine derivatives against Culex pipiens","volume":"165","author":"Abouelenein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B10","volume-title":"Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","author":"Adams","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44670-x","article-title":"Lemon peel essential oil and its nano-formulation to control Agrotis ipsilon","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s41348-016-0034-z","article-title":"Evaluation of the bio-insecticidal effects of the main fatty acids of olive oil on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)","volume":"123","author":"Aider","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Dis. Prot"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10070976","article-title":"Bioactive compounds from Hermetia illucens larvae as natural ingredients for cosmetic application","volume":"10","author":"Almeida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B14","author":"Amin","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-025-00851-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of some Lactobacillus sp. for enhancing the growth of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae and their role as biocontrol agents against diseases","volume":"35","author":"Attia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Control"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0254285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254285","article-title":"Nano-insecticides against the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): toxicity, development, enzyme activity, and DNA mutagenicity","volume":"17","author":"Awad","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14101766","article-title":"Applications of plant essential oils in pest control and their encapsulation for controlled release: a review","volume":"14","author":"Ayll\u00f3n-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-24059-5","article-title":"Use of paraffin oils in agriculture and beyond: back to the future","volume":"30","author":"Baliota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.32854\/qczw9k20","article-title":"Effect of the application of paraffinic oil on the control and population fluctuation of the sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) in sorghum","volume":"19","author":"Barrios","year":"2026","journal-title":"Agro. Prod."},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1080\/15275922.2014.930941","article-title":"On-site gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis to streamline vapor intrusion investigations","volume":"15","author":"Beckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Forensics"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2023.e01585","article-title":"Review of modern and conventional extraction techniques and their applications for extracting phytochemicals from plants","volume":"19","author":"Bitwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Afr"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of proteins utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20680","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c07964","article-title":"Epsilon class glutathione s-transferase confers phoxim tolerance in the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"71","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9050278","article-title":"A first attempt to produce proteins from insects by means of a circular economy","volume":"9","author":"Cappellozza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-017-0323-9","article-title":"A green analytical chemistry approach for lipid extraction: computational methods in the selection of green solvents as alternative to hexane","volume":"409","author":"Cascant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1002\/aocs.70007","article-title":"Temperature-controlled mechanical pressing of black soldier fly larvae: yields and qualities of oil and protein meal","volume":"102","author":"Chew","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-019-03210-y","article-title":"Development and characterization of nano-emulsions based on oil extracted from black soldier fly larvae","volume":"191","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2023.105861","article-title":"Oil extraction from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal by dynamic and intermittent processes of supercritical CO\u2082 global yield, oil characterization, and solvent consumption","volume":"195","author":"Cruz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081292","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of black soldier fly and yellow mealworm fats and their impact on gut microbiota of growing rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Dabbou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9040155","article-title":"Fatty acid and related potassium Kv2 channel blockers: toxicity and physiological actions on mosquitoes","volume":"9","author":"D\u00e9mares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B31","first-page":"01","article-title":"In-silico molecular docking: shifting paradigms in pesticide discovery","volume":"10","author":"Desai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15110907","article-title":"Evaluation of different mode of action insecticides for the control of Bemisia tabaci","volume":"15","author":"Dunn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B33","author":"Eawag-Aquatic Research","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2020.12.1.0229","article-title":"Efficiency of some plant extracts against Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) regarding their activity on vital biochemical parameters","volume":"12","author":"Ebeid","year":"2020","journal-title":"GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.21608\/ejar.2013.163477","article-title":"Effect of some plant extracts on black cutworm Agrotis epsilon under laboratory conditions","volume":"91","author":"El-Hosary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B36","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Efficacy of jojoba oil compared to its nanoparticles on biological and physiological aspects of Agrotis ipsilon and its histological effect on albino rats","volume":"8","author":"El-Shewy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East J. Appl. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2025.108283","article-title":"Exploring the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of new functionalized pyridines against Culex pipiens","volume":"157","author":"Elewa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem"},{"issue":":","key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B3774897","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461\u2013489","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2023.302991","article-title":"Based on GC-MS analysis: an evaluation activity of some algal extracts against Culex pipiens L.(Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"27","author":"Eltak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2023.297695","article-title":"Green synthesis of ZnO and Se nanoparticles based on Achillea fragrantissima extract and their larvicidal, biological and ultrastructural impacts on Culex pipiens Linnaeus.","volume":"27","author":"Farag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08118-z","article-title":"Chemical composition of four essential oils and their adulticidal, repellence, and field oviposition deterrence activities against Culex pipiens","volume":"123","author":"Farag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2024.100564","article-title":"Liabilities of essential oils as insect repellents","volume":"40","author":"Farina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Heal"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B42","volume-title":"Probit analysis","author":"Finney","year":"1971"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaf371","article-title":"Metabolic resistance and the role of CYP6DA2 and CYP380C6 genes in flupyradifurone resistance in the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch","volume":"119","author":"Fouad","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1365723","article-title":"Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using essential oils against Aedes albopictus","volume":"46","author":"Ga\u2019al","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2025.102403","article-title":"Characterization of the thioredoxin peroxidase gene and its role in lambda-cyhalothrin tolerance in Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Asia-Pac. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2024.100702","article-title":"Neem essential oil: extraction, characterization, and encapsulation Food","volume":"4","author":"Ghoshal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Adv"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12162916","article-title":"Plant essential oils as biopesticides: applications, mechanisms, innovations, and constraints","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4001\/003.026.0084","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of garlic and ginger oils on the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"26","author":"Hamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-4-17","article-title":"Avogadro: an advanced semantic chemical editor, visualization, and analysis platform","volume":"4","author":"Hanwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cheminform"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18802","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2068-1","article-title":"Pimpinella anisum essential oil nanoemulsions against Tribolium castaneum","volume":"25","author":"Hashem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.3099","article-title":"Crystal structures of the trimeric HIV-1 matrix protein","volume":"93","author":"Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B52","volume-title":"Using AutoDock 4 and AutoDock Vina with AutoDockTools: a tutorial","author":"Huey","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5109\/2740946","article-title":"The potential analysis of food waste management using bioconversion by black soldier fly larvae","volume":"7","author":"Ibadurrohman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evergreen"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech14040080","article-title":"Molecular docking as a key driver of biocontrol for agri-food security","volume":"14","author":"I\u00f1iguez-Luna","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioTech"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B55","first-page":"219","article-title":"Resistance level and enzymatic detoxification responses in field populations Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) to commercial insecticides","volume":"13","author":"Ismail","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2025.102759","article-title":"Nanoemulsion-enhanced insecticidal activity of essential oils against Tribolium castaneum","volume":"114","author":"Jasman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stored Prod. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx350","article-title":"DeepSite: protein-binding site predictor using 3D-CNNs","volume":"33","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B58","first-page":"307","article-title":"The potency of chemical insecticides in management of cutworm Agrotis ipsilon","volume":"8","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2017.03.027","article-title":"Control of Aedes aegypti using predatory copepod Megacyclops formosanus","volume":"109","author":"Kalimuthu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.01.018","article-title":"Black soldier fly larvae oil as an alternative fat source in broiler nutrition","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.11.004","article-title":"Which acetylcholinesterase functions as the main catalytic enzyme in the Class Insecta? Insect","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.3.199","article-title":"Chemical basis of the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction for estimating serum lipids","volume":"18","author":"Knight","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7026","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27207026","article-title":"Potential of essential oil-based anticholinesterase insecticides against Anopheles vectors: a review","volume":"27","author":"Koekemoer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxnano.2024.100096","article-title":"Nanoemulsions as an effective delivery vehicle for essential oils","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-014-0602-6","article-title":"Toxicity of essential oil compounds against Plutella xylostella","volume":"87","author":"Kumrungsee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.017","article-title":"Effects of feedstock on larval development in black soldier fly waste treatment","volume":"208","author":"Lalander","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15101384","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acids from black soldier fly larvae prevent obesity in mice","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816911-7.00011-6","volume-title":"Liquid-phase extraction","author":"L\u00f3pez-Basc\u00f3n","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12060507","article-title":"Effects of different nitrogen sources and ratios to carbon on black soldier fly larvae development","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.napere.2025.100148","article-title":"Larvicidal effects of Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg nanoemulsion against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)","volume":"14","author":"Machado","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nat. Pestic. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/122618","article-title":"Reducing the space footprint of black soldier fly larvae waste treatment","volume":"30","author":"Mahmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijfood\/vvaf088","article-title":"Impact of solvent and enzyme extraction on black soldier fly oil","volume":"60","author":"Mannawa Arachchige","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B73","volume-title":"Insect oil as a source of nutraceuticals","author":"Mariod","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture16111173","article-title":"Inhibition of insect and nematode acetylcholinesterase and glucosidases by essential oils\u2014in vitro and in silico studies","volume":"16","author":"Martins","year":"2026","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13080698","article-title":"Insects as sentinels of oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Messi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s44316-026-00059-0","article-title":"Nanoemulsified essential oils as next-generation insecticides: preparation, enhanced efficacy, and future prospects","volume":"3","author":"Mishra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Sustain. Mater."},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.02.004","article-title":"Susceptibility of Aphis gossypii to lauric acid pesticide","volume":"53","author":"Mohamad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Eng"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114312","article-title":"Formulation and characterization of tea tree and jojoba oils nano-emulgel for in-vivo wound healing assessment","volume":"245","author":"Mohamed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/jppr-2015-0049","article-title":"Effect of Artemisia annua oil on Helicoverpa armigera","volume":"55","author":"Mojarab-Mahboubkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Plant Prot. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.17221\/46\/2022-PPS","article-title":"Biological impact and oxidative stress of Agrotis ipsilon in response to bioinsecticides","volume":"58","author":"Moustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Prot. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12080737","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of lemongrass essential oil as an eco-friendly agent against the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"12","author":"Moustafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2024.101008","article-title":"Exploring the Potential of black soldier fly larvae oil: physicochemical, antioxidant and keratinocyte growth inhibition","volume":"15","author":"Muangrat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10081608","article-title":"Synthesis and technology of nanoemulsion-based pesticide formulation","volume":"10","author":"Mustafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-015-0376-1","article-title":"Small-scale rearing of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens in the laboratory","volume":"51","author":"Nakamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B85","author":"NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-38831-x","article-title":"Harnessing insect-derived oils for enhanced efficacy of plant-based repellents against disease-transmitting mosquitoes","volume":"16","author":"Ochola","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4001\/003.028.0290","article-title":"A laboratory study of the toxicity of indoxacarb mixtures against Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"28","author":"Othman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2014.0024","article-title":"Conversion of organic wastes into fly larval biomass: bottlenecks and challenges","volume":"1","author":"Pastor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Insects Food Feed"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003735","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003735","article-title":"Biodistribution and toxicity studies of hydrogel nanoparticles in mosquito larvae and cells","volume":"9","author":"Phanse","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","article-title":"Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex","volume":"269","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB11.3727","article-title":"Activity of fatty acid components of Ricinus communis against Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"11","author":"Ramos-L\u00f3pez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13851","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.13851","article-title":"Technologies for extraction of oil from oilseeds and plant sources: a review","volume":"44","author":"Rani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Process Eng"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117861","article-title":"Alternative solvents for lipid extraction in black soldier fly larvae","volume":"238","author":"Ravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B94","first-page":"107","article-title":"Biochemical and histopathological effects of plant extracts on Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"2","author":"Rawi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12129","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b02197","article-title":"AW1 neuronal cell cytotoxicity: mode of action of insecticidal fatty acids","volume":"67","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10634","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310634","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of black soldier fly oil associated with modulation of TLR signaling","volume":"24","author":"Richter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.123023","article-title":"Chitosan from Hermetia illucens larvae as biocontrol agent","volume":"349","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.46754\/jssm.2022.12.006","article-title":"Study on the Extraction of black soldier fly larvae oil by mechanical press","volume":"17","author":"Rozali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Sci. Manag"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030783","article-title":"Mechanical processing of Hermetia illucens and Bombyx mori produces oils with antimicrobial activity","volume":"11","author":"Saviane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.25431\/1824-307X\/isj.v14i1.182-189","article-title":"Effect of Teucrium polium essential oil on digestive enzyme activities and energy reserves of Ephestia kuehniella","volume":"14","author":"Shahriari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invertebr. Surviv. J"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2018.1554588","article-title":"Bio-efficacy and physiological effects of Eucalyptus globulus and Allium sativum essential oils against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","volume":"39","author":"Shahriari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2018.1525393","article-title":"Nanoformulations and their mode of action in insects","volume":"44","author":"Shahzad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.21608\/jalexu.2022.159519.1079","article-title":"Toxicological and histological evaluation of nanoemulsions against Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"27","author":"Shaker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.21608\/assjm.2021.195402","article-title":"Evaluation of plant essential oils against Agrotis ipsilon","volume":"2","author":"Sharaby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. J. Adv. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B105","first-page":"6","article-title":"Histological effects of some essential oil combinations on different tissues of the black cutworm larvae Agrotis ipsilon","volume":"3","author":"Sharaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Innov. Pharm. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46603-z","article-title":"Nutritive value of Hermetia illucens reared on waste streams","volume":"9","author":"Shumo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.04.122","article-title":"Bioconversion of organic waste by insects\u2013a review","volume":"187","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70553","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70553","article-title":"Insect lipids as novel source for future applications: chemical composition and industry applications\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/57.3.367","article-title":"A semimicro technique for estimation of cholinesterase activity","volume":"57","author":"Simpson","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.518-526","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of oil extracted from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)","volume":"17","author":"Srisuksai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. World."},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.07.050","article-title":"Evaluating the potential of the black soldier fly","volume":"117","author":"Surendra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10383","DOI":"10.3390\/su151310383","article-title":"Lauric acid from the black soldier fly and applications","volume":"15","author":"Suryati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2022.102277","article-title":"Influence of temperature on fipronil toxicity to Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"39","author":"Swelam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B114","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Applying molecular docking to pesticides: a computational leap in pest control","volume":"12","author":"Swetha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Res. Technol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2025.102583","article-title":"Insect oil-based biorationals as novel alternative against the invasive tomato leafminer [Phthorimaea absoluta] and fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"25","author":"Tanga","year":"2026","journal-title":"]. J. Agric. Food Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620710","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.635881","article-title":"Organic waste substrates induce shifts in gut microbiota of Hermetia illucens","volume":"12","author":"Tanga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16080750","article-title":"Black soldier fly as keystone species for sustainable waste management","volume":"16","author":"Tariq","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.4081\/ija.2022.1921","article-title":"Effect of different fertilizers on peppermint - essential and non-essential nutrients, essential oils and yield","volume":"17","author":"Tepecik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ital. J. Agron"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38302-4","article-title":"p-Nitrophenyl butyrate hydrolyzing activity of hormone-sensitive lipase","volume":"30","author":"Tsujita","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(62)90074-4","article-title":"A study of house fly esterase by colorimetric method","volume":"8","author":"Van Asperen","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620191131","article-title":"Relative potency estimates based on bioassay results","volume":"19","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-025-02250-1","article-title":"Black soldier fly hermetia illucens applications in circular economy and agricultural sustainability: a review","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Sustain."},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"03013","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202340603013","article-title":"Lipid extraction of black soldier fly larvae using enzymatic and Soxhlet method","volume":"406","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"E3S Web of Conf"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2024.102244","article-title":"Knockdown of the cap \u2018n\u2019 collar isoform C gene increases the susceptibility of Agrotis ipsilon to chlorantraniliprole and phoxim","volume":"27","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Asia-Pac. Entomol"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SAJB.2022.10.045","article-title":"Camlica Essential oils content, composition and antioxidant activity of selected basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes South","volume":"151","author":"Yaldiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr. J. Bot"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2022.100655","article-title":"One-pot extraction and enrichment of diallyl trisulfide in garlic oil using an eco-friendly solvent-free microwave extraction method","volume":"27","author":"Yingngam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.21608\/ejar.2013.163516","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of linoleic acid against Spodoptera littoralis.","volume":"91","author":"Yousef","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1298","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.1298","article-title":"Using PyMOL as a platform for computational drug design","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"2026101419565967900_toag294-B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9100793","article-title":"Antimicrobial potential and stability of black soldier fly larvae fat","volume":"9","author":"Zabulion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toag294\/71948810\/toag294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toag294\/71948810\/toag294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:57:14Z","timestamp":1792022234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toag294\/8916668"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yan-Qun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":129,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toag294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0493","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-291X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"article-number":"toag294"}}