{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:58:58Z","timestamp":1790449138281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1400600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1400600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["008"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou University Natural Science Special (Special Post) Research Fund","award":["602-600469243301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602-600469243301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a predator of aphids and other soft-bodied pests, but practical artificial diets for larval rearing remain poorly developed. We optimized an artificial diet formulation without insect-derived ingredients using an L9 orthogonal array with four ingredients: pork liver, egg albumen powder, soybean powder, and corn germ oil. Diet performance was screened using the proportion of larvae reaching the fourth instar and larval developmental duration, with Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as the natural-prey control. The predicted optimal formulation was then evaluated for larval development, offspring development and reproduction, performance after transfer to aphids, predatory capacity, and starvation resistance. The optimized diet supported development to the fourth instar, with 90.5% of larvae from the artificial diet treatment and 95.8% of aphid-fed larvae reaching this stage. However, preimaginal development was significantly longer in the artificial diet treatment. Offspring reared according to parental diet lineage also showed longer preimaginal development and lower hatchability in the artificial diet lineage, whereas fecundity did not differ significantly. When offspring from both parental lineages were subsequently reared on aphids, developmental-timing differences persisted, whereas fecundity and hatchability did not differ significantly. Fourth-instar larvae from the artificial diet treatment retained aphid-feeding activity under laboratory conditions but had significantly lower starvation resistance. These findings identify an artificial diet formulation without insect-derived ingredients that can support larval production of M. sexmaculatus under laboratory conditions. Further refinement of the formulation to improve developmental rate and starvation resistance is needed before reliable use for large-scale rearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toag303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:19:56Z","timestamp":1789672796000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A non-insect-derived artificial diet supports larval development and predation but limits starvation resistance in\n                    <i>Menochilus sexmaculatus<\/i>\n                    (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Li-Juan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7653-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Husne","family":"Mobarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Lin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong-Xian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092614213755800_toag303-B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Competitive ability of ladybird predators of aphids: a review of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabr.) 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