{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:10:25Z","timestamp":1780441825355,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated crops in Argentina. Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a common maize pest capable of causing significant yield losses and is most destructive in late-planted maize in subtropical regions, going through five to six generations per growing season. The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) trait Herculex I Insect Protection technology by Dow AgroSciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred (HX I, event DAS-\u00d815\u00d87-1), expressing Cry1F protein, was launched in the 2005\u20132006 season in Argentina and was widely adopted because of the high level of efficacy against S. frugiperda, as well as other pests such as Diatraea saccharalis (J.C. Fabricius). However, increased late-season plantings, limited adoption of refuge, and properties of S. frugiperda biology (high number of generations and migratory behavior) have led to high S. frugiperda exposure to Cry1F and resistance selection pressure. Field efficacy monitoring has been conducted throughout the main maize production areas in Argentina from 2009 to 2016. Laboratory monitoring has been conducted throughout the same areas from 2010 to 2015. Here, we describe changes in field efficacy of HX I and the results of laboratory-based susceptibility monitoring conducted using purified Cry1F protein. Increases in larval survival and crop damage were evident throughout the 2012\u20132016 period and spanned the majority of maize production areas in Argentina. Over the same period, random larval collections showed increasing survivorship on diet containing purified Cry1F protein. These field and laboratory studies confirmed that resistance to Cry1F has developed and is now widely distributed in S. frugiperda populations in Argentina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toz076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T13:41:09Z","timestamp":1552916469000},"page":"1838-1844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Monitoring the Evolution of Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to the Cry1F Protein in Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Carlos N","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow AgroSciences Argentina SRL, Boulevard Cecilia Grierson, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Figueroa Bunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow AgroSciences Argentina SRL, Boulevard Cecilia Grierson, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow AgroSciences Argentina SRL, Boulevard Cecilia Grierson, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Valverde-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwain","family":"Rule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Babcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a","article-title":"A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0002","volume-title":"Entomolog\u00eda econ\u00f3mica: Insectos de Inter\u00e9s Agr\u0131cola, Forestal, M\u00e9dico y Veterinario (nativos, introducidos y susceptibles de ser introducidos)","author":"Artigas","year":"1994"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0003","volume-title":"Lepidopteros de importancia economica: reconocimiento, biolog\u00eda y d\u00e3nos de las plagas agr\u00edcolas y florestales","author":"Bentancourt","year":"1995"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0004","author":"Bernardi","year":"2016"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0005","volume-title":"Efecto en el parasitoide Campoletis grioti de un insecticida usado para el control de Spodoptera frugiperda y aportes a la bionom\u00eda del parasitoide","author":"Berta","year":"2000"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3958\/059.035.0325","article-title":"Susceptibility of isofamilies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis","volume":"35","author":"Blanco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southwest. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0007","volume-title":"Panorama Agr\u00edcola Semanal","author":"Bolsa de Cereales de Buenos Aires","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0008","first-page":"523","article-title":"Corn expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1F endotoxin for fall armyworm and corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management in field corn for grain production","volume":"91","author":"Buntin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3099","article-title":"Optimizing pyramided transgenic Bt crops for sustainable pest management","volume":"33","author":"Carri\u00e8re","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0010","first-page":"209","article-title":"Revisi\u00f3n de los hospederos del gusano cogollero del ma\u00edz, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"69","author":"Casmuz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4776","article-title":"Characterization of field-evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis-derived Cry1F \u03b4-endotoxin in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Argentina","volume":"74","author":"Chandrasena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0012","unstructured":"Clavijo, S., and G.P\u00e9rez Greiner. 2000. Cap\u00edtulo 6 Protecci\u00f3n y Sanidad Vegetal, Secci\u00f3n 2 Insectos Plagas Del Ma\u00edz. (http:\/\/www.bio-nica.info\/biblioteca\/Clavijo2000maiz.pdf). 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Rep"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112958","article-title":"Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154492","article-title":"Frequency of Cry1F non-recessive resistance alleles in North Carolina field populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0021","unstructured":"Malacarne, M. F., G.Abratti, D.Grimi, M.Machado, F.Figueroa Bunger, B.Parody, L.Ramos, and A.Signorini. 2017. Seed industry management of field-evolved resistance to Bt-corn in a population of Diatraea saccharalis in Argentina. In14th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms (ISBGMO14), 4\u20138 June 2017, Guadalajara, Mexico."},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2003)086[0254:PAPOSF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Parasitoids and parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean Basin: an inventory","volume":"86","author":"Molina-Ochoa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.21829\/azm.2004.2012533","article-title":"Population parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lep.: Noctuidae) fed on corn and two predominant grasess in Tucuman (Argentina)","volume":"20","author":"Mur\u00faa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Mexicana"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0024","first-page":"46","article-title":"Overwintering of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lep.: Noctuidae) in the Tucuman province corn area (Argentina)","volume":"105","author":"Mur\u00faa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Fac. Agron"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2008)101[639:FAMCOS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Fitness and mating compatibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from different host plant species and regions in Argentina","volume":"101","author":"Mur\u00faa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0026","first-page":"37","article-title":"Eficacia en campo del ma\u00edz Herculex\u00ae I para el control de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en el Noroeste Argentino","volume":"90","author":"Mur\u00faa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Ind. Agr\u00edc. Tucum\u00e1n"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0049","volume-title":"Aspectos Biol\u00f3gicos de Plagas de Ma\u00edz de la Regi\u00f3n Chaque\u00f1a. Evaluaci\u00f3n de Da\u00f1o. Bolet\u00edn (46)","author":"Perdiguero","year":"1967"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0028","article-title":"How a corn plant develops. Iowa State University Extension, Special Report No. 48.","author":"Ritchie","year":"1993"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2015.12.014","article-title":"Genetic basis of Cry1F resistance in two Brazilian populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"81","author":"Santos-Amaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0030","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT\u00ae 9.3 user\u2019s guide","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.18474\/0749-8004-43.1.41","article-title":"Evaluation of corn hybrids expressing Cry1F (Herculex\u00ae I Insect Protection) against fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southern United States","volume":"43","author":"Siebert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0032","first-page":"555","article-title":"Efficacy of Cry1F insecticidal protein in maize and cotton for control of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"91","author":"Siebert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0033","first-page":"38","article-title":"Plaga importante. El gusano cogollero del ma\u00edz","volume":"2","author":"Sifuentes","year":"1971","journal-title":"Avance Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0034","unstructured":"Signorini, A. M., M.Lopez Olaciregui, G.Abratti, A. P.Alvez, D.Chandrasena, C.Pilcher, and N.Storer. 2017. Diatraea saccharalis resistance to Herculex\u00ae maize in an isolate area in San Luis in Argentina: detection, characterisation and management. In14th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms (ISBGMO14), 4\u20138 June 2017, Guadalajara, Mexico."},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0035","first-page":"39","article-title":"Estimaci\u00f3n de da\u00f1o por Spodoptera frugiperda Smith [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] en ma\u00edz con infestaci\u00f3n natural en tres fechas de siembra en el Noreste Santafesino","volume":"70","author":"Sosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"INTA Reconquista, Centro Regional Santa F\u00e9, Informaci\u00f3n para extensi\u00f3n"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2307\/3494083","article-title":"A review of the biology of the fall armyworm","volume":"62","author":"Sparks","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1603\/EC10040","article-title":"Discovery and characterization of field resistance to Bt maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico","volume":"103","author":"Storer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4161\/gmcr.20945","article-title":"Application of pyramided traits against Lepidoptera in insect resistance management for Bt crops","volume":"3","author":"Storer","year":"2012","journal-title":"GM Crops Food"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.04.007","article-title":"Status of resistance to Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda: lessons from Puerto Rico","volume":"110","author":"Storer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0040","volume-title":"Generalized linear mixed models: modern concepts, methods and applications","author":"Stroup","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0041","first-page":"87","article-title":"The impact of the introduction of transgenic crops in Argentinean agriculture","volume":"6","author":"Trigo","year":"2003","journal-title":"AgBioForum"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.31047\/1668.298x.v31.n2.16538","article-title":"Resistencia de insectos a cultivos transg\u00e9nicos con propiedades insecticidas. Teor\u00eda, estado del arte y desaf\u00edos para la Rep\u00fablica Argentina.","volume":"31","author":"Trumper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agriscientia"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485313000448","article-title":"Inheritance of Cry1F resistance, cross-resistance and frequency of resistant alleles in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"103","author":"V\u00e9lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0044","first-page":"3","article-title":"El complejo de parasitoides del \u201cgusano cogollero\u201d del ma\u00edz, Spodoptera frugiperda, en la Rep\u00fablica Argentina (Insecta, Lepidoptera)","volume":"45","author":"Virla","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neotr\u00f3pica"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0045","first-page":"25","article-title":"El gusano \u201cCogollero\u201d: nivel de da\u00f1o econ\u00f3mico","volume":"12","author":"Willink","year":"1991","journal-title":"Avance Agroindustrial"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0046","first-page":"262","article-title":"El gusano cogollero del ma\u00edz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797),","volume-title":"Actas del II Congreso Argentino de Entomolog\u00eda","author":"Willink","year":"1991"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0047","first-page":"49","article-title":"Da\u00f1os, p\u00e9rdidas y niveles de da\u00f1o econ\u00f3mico por Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en ma\u00edz","volume":"70","author":"Willink","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev. Ind. Agr\u00edc. Tucum\u00e1n"},{"key":"2019091012025908600_CIT0048","first-page":"25","article-title":"El gusano \u201cCogollero\u201d: nivel de da\u00f1o econ\u00f3mico","volume":"12","author":"Willink","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avance Agroind"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/112\/4\/1838\/29096242\/toz076.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1663110769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article\/112\/4\/1838\/5445386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toz076","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0493","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-291X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]}}}