{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:02:41Z","timestamp":1782936161830,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A list of our research achievements on multiple aminoglycoside antibiotic (AG) resistance in AG-producing actinomycetes is outlined. In 1979, the author discovered a novel AG (istamycin)-producing Streptomyces tenjimariensis SS-939 by screening actinomycetes with kanamycin (KM)-resistance and plasmid profiles. This discovery directed our biochemical and genetic approaches to multiple AG resistance (AGR) of AG producers. In this article, the following discoveries will be outlined: (1) AGR profiles correlating with the productivity of AGs in AG-producers, (2) Wide distribution of multiple AG resistance in AG-nonproducing actinomycetes, (3) Involvement of ribosomal resistance and AG-acetylating enzymes as underlying AGR factors, (4) Activation by single nucleotide substitution of a silent gene coding for aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase, AAC(3), in S. griseus, (5) Discovery of a novel antibiotic indolizomycin through protoplast fusion treatment between S. tenjimariensis and S. griseus strains with different AGR phenotypes, and (6) Double stage-acting activity of arbekacin (ABK; an anti-MRSA semisynthetic AG) discovered by acetylation of ABK with cloned AACs; that is both ABK and its acetylated derivatives showed remarkable antibiotic activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimb\/kuab059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T11:07:44Z","timestamp":1628939264000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Basic and applied research on multiple aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance of actinomycetes: an old-timer's recollection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kunimoto","family":"Hotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Water Foundation, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2021122310425635300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.8.2276","article-title":"Aminoglycoside antibiotic -inactivating enzymes in actinomycetes similar to those present in clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"70","author":"Benveniste","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122310425635300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.43.100189.001231","article-title":"How antibiotic-producing organisms avoide suicide","volume":"43","author":"Cundliffe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annual Review of Microbiology"},{"key":"2021122310425635300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb43294.x","article-title":"How do antibiotic-producing microorganisms avoid suicide?","volume":"235","author":"Demain","year":"1974","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021122310425635300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.37.1491","article-title":"Isolation and structure of a new antibiotic, indolizomycin, produced by a strain SK2-52 obtained by interspecies fusion treatment","volume":"37","author":"Gomi","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"key":"2021122310425635300_bib5","first-page":"563","article-title":"Effect of Mg++ on binding of aminoglycoside antibiotic to their producers","volume":"54","author":"Hotta","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Fermentation Technology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122310425635300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.33.1502","article-title":"Studies on new aminoglycoside isolated from a marine environment. 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The use of plasmid profiles in screening antibiotic-producing streptomycetes","volume":"33","author":"Hotta","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021122310425635300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.34.1175","article-title":"Resistance mechanisms of kanamycin-, neomycin-, and streptomycin-producing streptomycetes to aminoglycoside antibiotics","volume":"34","author":"Hotta","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122310425635300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.36.1748","article-title":"Multiple resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in actinomycetes","volume":"36","author":"Hotta","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122310425635300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.36.1789","article-title":"Relationship between antibiotic resistance and antibiotic productivity in actinomycetes which produce aminoglycoside antibiotics","volume":"36","author":"Hotta","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122310425635300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.41.94","article-title":"Mechanism of increased kanamycin resistance generated by protoplast regeneration of Streptomyces griseus I. 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