{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1743480640350,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20496","82173577","81672005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20496","82173577","81672005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mega-Project of National Science and Technology for the 13th Five-Year Plan of China","award":["2018ZX10715-014-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-014-002"]}]},{"name":"The Zhejiang Province Vanguard Goose-Leading Initiative","award":["2024C03216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C03216"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Immune memory is crucial for preventing hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Our study aims to investigate immunological memory characteristics and differences between vaccination and natural HEV infection, taking into account that both can induce immune memory. We recruited 60 HEV-infected patients, 58 contingency HEV-vaccinated individuals and 4 controls from an outbreak of hepatitis E in a nursing home between June and August 2023. Multicolor flow cytometry, ELISA, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed to detect memory T-cell expression profiles, HEV-specific antibodies and cytokine expression. We observed that the level of HEV-specific IgM in acute jaundiced hepatitis E patients was greater than that in non-jaundiced patients (8.37\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27 vs. 4.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.81, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences were detected in the HEV-specific IgG and memory T cell expression profiles among the different severities of hepatitis E. The percentage of CD8+ TEM at 6 months after recovery was significantly greater than that in acute jaundice patients (1.60%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30% vs. 1.15%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Compared with natural infection, three-dose vaccination increased the level of HEV-specific IgG (14.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21 vs. 12.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), IL-7 and IL-15 (28.50\u2009\u00b1\u20093.82 vs. 23.32\u2009\u00b1\u20096.37, 608.60\u2009\u00b1\u2009143.30 vs. 257.50\u2009\u00b1\u200969.87, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Natural infection could effectively establish immune memory. During convalescence, infection severity impacted only HEV-specific IgM, while HEV-specific IgG and memory T-cell expression profiles were not affected. Compared with natural infection, three-dose vaccination results in equal effective humoral immune memory and weaker cellular immune memory with minimal side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkae026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T20:59:25Z","timestamp":1741121965000},"page":"360-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune memory in hepatitis E virus: a comparative study of natural infection and vaccination in a nursing home population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daixi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengya","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengsha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenkai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxing","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5110-4107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1037-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziping","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"RIDPHE 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