{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:17:19Z","timestamp":1775254639187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to establish long-term survival is attributed to its ability to subvert host defense mechanisms, especially macrophages. Although Mtb lipids are believed to play a role in this host-pathogen crosstalk, how mycobacterial lipids drive this complex interaction is poorly characterized. Here, we cultured macrophages with nonpolar cell wall Mtb lipids and applied high-throughput expression profiling (RNA sequencing), mass spectrometry\u2013based targeted eicosanoid, and untargeted lipidomics analysis. This system-level analysis revealed that Mtb nonpolar lipid triggered the expression of phenotypic markers for classically and alternatively activated macrophages, a state previously referred as immunoregulatory. Specifically, under lipid stimulation, macrophages expressed high levels of proinflammatory markers, activated components of the interleukin-1 family, underwent an imbalance in lipid metabolism, and shifted the eicosanoid synthesis pathway toward the prostaglandin axis. Taken together, these results suggest an intricate mechanism of Mtb-driven macrophage immunomodulation that may favor its long-term survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkae058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T23:27:52Z","timestamp":1745623672000},"page":"1059-1070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunoregulatory macrophages induced by mycobacterial nonpolar lipids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Dias","family":"Petrilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Estev\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana Evangelista","family":"De Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8508-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5533-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Yukio","family":"Yoshinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9075-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Ivan Pereira","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS) , Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz, Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano Britto","family":"Chaves-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6620-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thain\u00e1","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7528-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Arterio","family":"Sorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Ribeir\u00e3o Preto,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5714-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayuri","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0080-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute\/Fiocruz , Salvador,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062608331798500_vkae058-B1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2021","author":"World Health 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