{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:41:31Z","timestamp":1790797291090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001298","name":"Presbyterian Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F0HL176087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F0HL176087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are critical for managing autoimmunity such as multiple sclerosis (MS), yet concerns exist regarding their impact on viral infections. B-cell depletion (\u03b1-CD20) and IFN-\u03b2 are 2 DMTs with seemingly opposing effects on viral infections. Pre-vaccine COVID-19 data linked B-cell depletion to worse outcomes, while IFN-\u03b2 is believed to offer protection to viral infection. The mechanisms underlying the interactions between these DMTs and infection have yet to be fully elucidated. Our goal was to determine the modulatory effects of \u03b1-CD20 and IFN-\u03b2, administered individually or in combination, during acute respiratory viral infections in mice. In our study, B-cell depletion was achieved by administering \u03b1-CD20 antibodies 3 times every 5\u2009days, starting 7\u2009days before influenza A virus (IAV) infection. IFN-\u03b2 was administered on days 1 and 2 p.i. \u03b1-CD20 administered alone exacerbated infection outcomes. At day 9 postinfection, mice treated with \u03b1-CD20 had elevated viral RNA, accompanied by greater weight loss, impaired viral clearance, heightened myeloid cell infiltration in the lungs, and elevated systemic inflammatory cytokines in the blood. Notably, T-cell responses to IAV were not inhibited by \u03b1-CD20. IFN-\u03b2 monotherapy failed to confer significant protection against viral infection, but when combined with \u03b1-CD20, it reversed the exacerbated effects of B-cell depletion by reducing viral load, improving morbidity, limiting neutrophil infiltration, and restoring cytokine homeostasis. These findings suggest IFN-\u03b2\u2019s capacity to counteract the deleterious impacts of \u03b1-CD20 on respiratory viral infections, offering potential treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases during viral outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T14:55:20Z","timestamp":1746629720000},"page":"1688-1697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interferon-\u03b2 treatment reverses the detrimental effect of B-cell depletion therapy on respiratory virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Bujana","family":"Allushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United 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J","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6667-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigael P","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amia","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Kovats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6041-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C","family":"Axtell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology 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