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The characterization of novel functional T-cell subtypes is critical for predicting clinical responses as well as developing strategies for immunotherapy in leukemia. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing to resolve the T cells\u2019 profiles of AML patients who had a relapse (RL) or reached complete remission (CR) after HSCT and addressed the characteristics of T cells at molecular level under HSCT scenario. Ten T-cell subtypes were identified in these RL and CR patient groups, of which mature T cells subtypes, such as CD8+ T effector memory (TEM), CD8+ T effector (TEFF), CD4+ TEM, and CD4+ TEFF cells, tended to be more abundant in the CR group, while na\u00efve CD8, na\u00efve CD4, and exhausted CD8+ T cells occupied larger proportions in the RL group. Of note, we identified that RGS1 (regulator of G-protein signaling 1) highly expressing CD8+ TEFFs tended to enrich in the CR group. Higher levels of RGS1 in CD8+ TEFF, CD8+ T, and CD3+ T cells were significantly associated with remission after HSCT in AML patients, which could also predict clinical outcomes after allo-HSCT. And the elevation of RGS1 levels in CD8+ T cells increased cytotoxic factor production, possibly by activating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into T-cell characteristics under allo-HSCT and identify RGS1 as a new marker potentially predicting clinical responses for AML after allo-HSCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T13:20:07Z","timestamp":1749561607000},"page":"2434-2452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RGS1 is an effective T-cell marker of acute myeloid leukemia remission after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies , Peking University, Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ting","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies , Peking University, Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies , Peking University, Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-1773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang-Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025093003523847800_vkaf096-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406184","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"373","author":"Dohner","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J 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