{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T08:06:33Z","timestamp":1764144393446,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20210324121413037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324121413037"]}]},{"name":"Municipal University"},{"name":"Funding Project of Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2025A03J3204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A03J3204"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Longgang District","award":["LGKCYLWS2022015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGKCYLWS2022015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a respiratory airway disorder characterized by inflammation and barrier dysfunction. The transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1), a member of the Sp\/Kr\u00fcppel-like factor family, is known to be associated with inflammation. This study aimed to explore the impacts of SP1 on AR. An AR murine model was developed through multiple intranasal challenges with ovalbumin (OVA). Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were cultured at the air\u2013liquid interface (ALI) and treated with IL-13 to create a cell model with barrier damage. Bioinformation samples revealed that SP1 expression was upregulated in nasal epithelial cells of people with AR. High Sp1 expression was observed in AR mice nasal mucosa. Silencing Sp1 reduced nasal rubbing, sneezing, serum levels of IgE, histamine, and nasal swelling in AR mice. Additionally, Sp1 silencing inhibited goblet cell proliferation, eosinophilic infiltration, and levels of IL-4 and IL-13. Sp1 knockdown reversed the elevated fluorescein isothiocyanate\u2013dextran 4\u2009kDa permeability, nasal epithelial cell shedding, and decreased expression of E-cadherin and Claudin-1. In vitro, knocking down SP1 led to an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and levels of E-cadherin and Claudin-1. Mechanistically, SP1 upregulated forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) expression through transcriptional activity, and FOXC1 overexpression reversed the protective effects of SP1 silencing on epithelial barrier damage. Overall, our findings suggest that SP1 aggravates AR, potentially through the transcriptional activation of SP1 to FOXC1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T15:57:19Z","timestamp":1756051039000},"page":"2836-2846","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associated transcription factors of allergic rhinitis: SP1 aggravates nasal epithelial barrier damage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Naso-Orbital-Maxilla and Skull Base Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital and Shenzhen Otolaryngology Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA , Guangzhou, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital and Shenzhen Otolaryngology Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaixing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital and Shenzhen Otolaryngology Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital and Shenzhen Otolaryngology Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital and Shenzhen Otolaryngology Research Institute , Shenzhen, 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