{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:09:58Z","timestamp":1790237398823,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002224","name":"Melanoma Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA272392-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA272392-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F30CA291027-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F30CA291027-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCI T32 CA275777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI T32 CA275777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013726","name":"Abraham and Phyllis Katz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011475","name":"Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR002382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR002382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA228406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA228406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA266088-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA266088-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA270903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA270903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute and Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA175061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA175061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA208514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA208514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA275199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA275199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"V Foundation and Emory University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a promising approach, earning U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in patients with anti\u2013PD-1\u2013resistant melanoma. Extending TIL therapy to patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive and largely immune-refractory cancer, is an emerging area of interest. However, cost and manufacturing complexity constrain clinical scalability of TIL therapy for CCA, underscoring the need for a murine model to optimize efficacy. Here, we established a novel orthotopic model of TIL therapy for CCA and tested a new ex vivo expansion strategy. We first characterized the immune landscape of orthotopic CCA and then compared 2 TIL expansion methods: (1) a conventional protocol using CD3 agonist stimulation (CD3 TILs) and (2) a tumor antigen\u2013based protocol using irradiated autologous CCA cells to enrich for tumor-reactive TILs (Tumor Ag TILs). Tumor Ag TILs displayed superior tumor lysis in vitro compared to CD3 TILs. While both TIL products engrafted in vivo, Tumor Ag TILs showed enhanced persistence. Despite this, monotherapy with either TIL product alone had only a modest impact on tumor growth rate, and infused cells had upregulation of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, including PD-1. Further investigations demonstrated that the in vivo antitumor efficacy of both Tumor Ag TILs and CD3 TILs was enhanced when combined with PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Altogether, our study establishes a preclinical platform for modeling CCA TIL therapy, identifies a rational combination strategy that potentiates TIL efficacy, and provides the field with a foundation to advance adoptive T-cell transfer development for CCA and related solid tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T21:50:17Z","timestamp":1758318617000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy model for cholangiocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Megen C","family":"Wittling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances J","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie A K","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailey M","family":"Oppat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacklyn N","family":"Hammons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shishir K","family":"Maithel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrystal M","family":"Paulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory B","family":"Lesinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.107064","article-title":"Epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"51","author":"Qurashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.037","article-title":"CD40-mediated immune cell activation enhances response to anti-PD-1 in murine intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Diggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.08.052","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: evolving strategies in management and treatment","volume":"56","author":"Bragazzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30915-X","article-title":"Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study","volume":"20","author":"Primrose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00727-4","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"401","author":"Kelley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EVIDoa2200015","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200015","article-title":"Durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer","volume":"1","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152670","article-title":"Multicenter randomized phase II trial of atezolizumab with or without cobimetinib in biliary tract cancers","volume":"131","author":"Yarchoan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0082","article-title":"First-in-human phase I trial of TPST-1120, an inhibitor of PPAR\u03b1, as monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab, in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"4","author":"Yarchoan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.21037\/cco.2019.12.10","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)","volume":"9","author":"Jakubowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.061","article-title":"52P cadonilimab in combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer (BicureX): a phase II, single-arm clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01317-7","article-title":"Toripalimab combined with lenvatinib and GEMOX is a promising regimen as first-line treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04166-z","article-title":"Triple therapy in biliary tract cancers: GemOX plus immune checkpoint inhibitor in combination with lenvatinib or NGS-guided targeted therapy","volume":"149","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100723","article-title":"Preclinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100510","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.21.00510","article-title":"Clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic data profiling of biliary tract cancer reveals subtype-specific immune signatures","volume":"6","author":"Mody","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02525","article-title":"Liver-mediated adaptive immune tolerance","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001439","article-title":"Tumor site influences efficacy of MEKi and immunotherapy combinations in pre-clinical model of cholangiocarcinoma","author":"Hammons","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-024-00708-y","article-title":"Lifileucel: first approval","volume":"28","author":"Keam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B18","first-page":"2858","article-title":"Strategies for improving CAR T cell persistence in solid tumors","volume-title":"Cancers.","author":"Wittling","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251102","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy based on mutation-specific CD4+ T cells in a patient with epithelial cancer","volume":"344","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003499","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003499","article-title":"Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes supported by checkpoint inhibition across multiple solid cancer types","volume":"9","author":"Kverneland","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352805","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1352805","article-title":"Adoptive T cell therapy for solid tumors: current landscape and future challenges","volume":"15","author":"Albarran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3489291","article-title":"A new approach to the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"233","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199112000-00001","article-title":"Adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can cure established metastatic tumor in mice and persist long-term in vivo as functional memory T lymphocytes","volume":"10","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunother (1991)"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324109","article-title":"GM-CSF drives myelopoiesis, recruitment and polarisation of tumour-associated macrophages in cholangiocarcinoma and systemic blockade facilitates antitumour immunity","volume":"71","author":"Ruffolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-3215","article-title":"Improved statistical modeling of tumor growth and treatment effect in preclinical animal studies with highly heterogeneous responses in vivo","volume":"18","author":"Laajala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1324-y","article-title":"TOX is a critical regulator of tumour-specific T cell differentiation","volume":"571","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00563-6","article-title":"TCF1 in T cell immunity: a broadened frontier","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959101","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2021.1959101","article-title":"Modeling ex vivo tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expansion from established solid malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Knochelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B29","first-page":"1067","article-title":"In vivo antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded in recombinant interleukin-2","volume":"79","author":"Spiess","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0236","article-title":"Expansion of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells expressing PD-1 improves the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy","volume":"77","author":"Fernandez-Poma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.048","article-title":"Detecting tumor antigen-specific T cells via interaction-dependent fucosyl-biotinylation","volume":"183","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-2614","article-title":"Dissection of T-cell antigen specificity in human melanoma","volume":"72","author":"Andersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076514","article-title":"Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes","volume":"298","author":"Dudley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03708-5","article-title":"Neoantigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a phase 2 trial","volume":"31","author":"Lowery","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.014","article-title":"Tumor-reactive T cell clonotype dynamics underlying clinical response to TIL therapy in melanoma","volume":"57","author":"Chiffelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.07.011","article-title":"Development of an optimized closed and semi-automatic protocol for Good Manufacturing Practice manufacturing of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a hospital environment","volume":"22","author":"Gannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03418-4","article-title":"Personalized, autologous neoantigen-specific T cell therapy in metastatic melanoma: a phase 1 trial","volume":"31","author":"Borgers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9847","article-title":"Stem-like CD8 T cells mediate response of adoptive cell immunotherapy against human cancer","volume":"370","author":"Krishna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-006-3201-1","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis successfully treated by immunotherapy with CD3-activated T cells and dendritic cells after surgery: report of a case","volume":"36","author":"Higuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13988","article-title":"Checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy targets tumour-specific mutant antigens","volume":"515","author":"Gubin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008645","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008645","article-title":"Neoantigen-specific stimulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes enables effective TCR isolation and expansion while preserving stem-like memory phenotypes","volume":"12","author":"Levin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9571","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503726102","article-title":"Central memory self\/tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells confer superior antitumor immunity compared with effector memory T cells","volume":"102","author":"Klebanoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.09.005","article-title":"Central memory CD8(+) T cells derive from stem-like Tcf7(hi) effector cells in the absence of cytotoxic differentiation","volume":"53","author":"Pais Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1490","article-title":"Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"351","author":"McGranahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00741-4","article-title":"Immunology and immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Greten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026012707072039500_vkaf242-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.008","article-title":"Syngeneic murine models with distinct immune microenvironments represent subsets of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/215\/1\/vkaf242\/64286171\/vkaf242.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/215\/1\/vkaf242\/64286171\/vkaf242.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:07:36Z","timestamp":1769515656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf242\/8255914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf242","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"article-number":"vkaf242"}}