{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T19:30:10Z","timestamp":1784403010398,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08AI132739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08AI132739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI171578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI171578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI83259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI83259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are highly conserved innate-like T cells in mammals recognized for their high baseline frequency in human blood and cytotoxic effector functions during infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. While the majority of these cells in humans express a conserved CD8\u03b1\u03b2+ TRAV1-2 T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbially derived vitamin B2 intermediates presented by the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex class I\u2013related molecule, MR1, there is an emerging appreciation for diverse MAIT cell subsets that possess distinct functions including CD4+ MAIT cells that remain underexplored. In this study, we adopted an unbiased single-cell TCR-sequencing approach in MR1-5-OP-RU-tetramer\u2013reactive T cells. We discovered that CD4+ MAIT cells are enriched with highly diverse TRAV1-2\u2212 TCRs. To specifically characterize this TCR repertoire, we analyzed VDJ sequences across 2 datasets and identified distinct TCR usage among CD4+ MAIT cells including TRAV21, TRAV8 (TRAV8-1, TRAV8-2, TRAV8-3), and TRAV12 families (TRAV12-2, TRAV12-3), as well as more variable J segment, CDR3\u03b1, and TRBV sequences. TRAV1-2\u2212 MAIT cell TCRs were also enriched after in vitro culture with interleukin-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results indicate that mature human CD4+ MAIT cells adopt distinct TCR usage from the canonical TRAV1-2+ CD8+ subset and suggest that alternative MR1 ligands in addition to riboflavin intermediates may select for them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T21:48:36Z","timestamp":1762724916000},"page":"3260-3272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CD4+ mucosal-associated invariant T cells express highly diverse T cell receptors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Rimanpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Center for Infectious Diseases, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Center for Infectious Diseases, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Center for Infectious Diseases, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nezar","family":"Mehanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Center for Infectious Diseases, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Aub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Department of Physiology and Biophysics, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Facility, , Stony Brook and Northport, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina Y","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4952-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles Kyriakos","family":"Vorkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Stony Brook, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook 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