{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T21:07:13Z","timestamp":1779484033512,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI118626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI118626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023581","name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-2038238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-2038238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10 OD026929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD026929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous systemic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the lungs. It shares histopathological, clinical, and immune features with tuberculosis (TB). There are currently no diagnostic tests to formally identify sarcoidosis; instead, there is a need first to rule out the presence of other diseases, including TB. We hypothesized that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)\u2013specific immune signatures differ between sarcoidosis and TB. We characterized T-cell and monocyte signatures after Mtb antigen in vitro stimulation in the blood of patients with sarcoidosis compared to patients with TB disease and Mtb-sensitized and nonsensitized healthy controls using flow cytometry and transcriptomics on bulk PBMCs and sorted CD4 memory T cells. We found that sarcoidosis was associated with (1) a marked reduction in frequencies of antigen-reactive T cells in response to both Mtb peptides and Mtb lysate, (2) increased frequencies of monocytes, and (3) increased expression of monocyte-associated phagocytic genes compared to TB disease and Mtb-sensitized and nonsensitized healthy cohorts. A combination of Mtb peptide\u2013specific T-cell and monocyte gene or flow cytometry signatures in Mtb peptide\u2013stimulated PBMCs distinguished sarcoidosis from TB disease with high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]\u2009=\u20090.91 and 0.96 for gene and flow cytometry signatures, respectively) and also distinguished sarcoidosis from Mtb-sensitized and nonsensitized healthy controls combined (AUC\u2009=\u20090.91 and 0.90 for gene and flow cytometry signatures, respectively). These findings highlight biological features that effectively distinguish sarcoidosis from TB and healthy populations and can be considered for the development of an optimized diagnostic method for sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1760713361000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    \u2013specific blood immune signatures distinguish sarcoidosis from tuberculosis disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Leila Y","family":"Chihab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United 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CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandurangan","family":"Vijayanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonder P","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Veltkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, member of European Reference Network\u2013Lung, St Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Janssen Bon\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, member of European Reference Network\u2013Lung, St Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coline H M","family":"van Moorsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, member of European Reference Network\u2013Lung, St Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone A","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden,","place":["The 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Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2013IRCCS , Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Goletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2013IRCCS , Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna D","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashika","family":"Tennekoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desha","family":"Dilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Scriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine 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Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjoern","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1692-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie G","family":"Burel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United 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