{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:25:07Z","timestamp":1787009107031,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute as a Cancer Research Institute Irvington"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Helper T cells (CD4 T cells) are lynchpins of adaptive immune responses. Each CD4 T cell expresses a single T-cell receptor, recognizing an epitope presented by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Due to the enormous diversity of the T-cell repertoire, it is often desirable to study a population that responds to the same epitope. Here, we devised a novel method of selective immunization to produce a robust, monospecific helper T-cell response in mice using a modular mRNA vector. The vector encodes the target epitope attached via flexible linker to MHC-II. Immunization with this mRNA selectively elicits helper T-cell responses across a range of epitopes and MHC-II alleles. These CD4 T cells show robust, polyfunctional Th1 cytokine release when evaluated ex vivo. We tested the activity of these CD4 T cells in 2 disease models: Salmonella enterica and influenza virus. In both models, these monospecific CD4 T cells influenced the course of infection, demonstrating the utility of this experimental tool, which can produce a monospecific CD4 T-cell response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:26:20Z","timestamp":1764663980000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An mRNA platform to create isolated, monospecific Th1 responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Kathleen S","family":"Krauss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Carro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence C","family":"Eisenlohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021810220426500_vkaf318-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.09.011","article-title":"T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"74","author":"Raphael","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2026021810220426500_vkaf318-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01471-y","article-title":"T cells in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026021810220426500_vkaf318-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-061020-053702","article-title":"Cytokine regulation and function in T Cells","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev 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