{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:14:01Z","timestamp":1778494441527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIAID Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response","award":["75N93021C00016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00016"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIAID Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response","award":["P01AI168347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI168347"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIAID Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response","award":["R01 AI150678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI150678"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIAID Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response","award":["R01 AI169022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI169022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T cell immunity has a crucial role in vaccine-induced protection against respiratory viruses, yet a detailed characterization of T cell responses and epitopes in Syrian hamsters, a highly utilized preclinical, small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 research, is lacking. In this study, using an intranasal Chimpanzee adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S), we characterized the T cell response to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters and identified immunogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes using IFN-\u03b3 ELISpot assays and cell depletions. The mucosal ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine elicited strong T cell responses, with evidence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation in both lymphoid and mucosal tissues. Responses were directed toward the non\u2013receptor-binding domain regions of the spike protein, indicating that dominant T cell epitopes for hamsters reside elsewhere in this structural protein. Six different T cell epitopes (4 for CD4 and 2 for CD8) were identified in the spike protein, and epitope-specific responses were detected in hamsters from 2 vendors, suggesting genetic similarity in terms of major histocompatibility complex allele expression. Identifying T cell epitopes and characterizing T cell responses in lymphoid and mucosal compartments enhances the utility of Syrian hamsters as a preclinical model for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T17:13:19Z","timestamp":1772385199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Syrian hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Soudani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-5272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Da Silva Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Brett","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Brew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-3598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa P","family":"DiLorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali H","family":"Ellebedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, 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