{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:40:28Z","timestamp":1793324428992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Investigator","award":["220268\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220268\/Z\/20\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outer layer of the meninges, the dura mater, forms a critical interface at the border of the central nervous system (CNS). While historically the dura was viewed as a protective physical barrier for the brain and spinal cord, providing structural support for the venous sinuses, more recent research has shown that it is intimately connected to adjacent bones, CNS organs, the systemic circulation, and peripheral organs, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, via immune cell immigrants. In parallel, advances in immunophenotyping have revealed that the dura houses a plethora of immune cells, some within aggregates in dural-associated lymphoid tissue that can support the activation of adaptive immune cells, including germinal center responses. These dural immune cells can acquire immunological information from the network of dural blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as autonomic and sensory nerves, and newly discovered arachnoid cuff entry points provide a direct connection with the subarachnoid space. In this review, we will summarize recent evidence that highlights the dura as a hub for the detection, integration, and relay of immune signals from outside and inside the CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:12:19Z","timestamp":1774404739000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The dura mater: A hub for immune surveillance at the central nervous system borders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Neish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianchang (Dennis)","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Richoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3340-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menna R","family":"Clatworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute , Hinxton,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.20.220.74","article-title":"The anatomy of the meninges","volume":"20","author":"Clarke","year":"1944","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-1084-6","article-title":"Anatomy and development of the meninges: implications for subdural collections and CSF circulation","volume":"39","author":"Mack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3921","article-title":"Development and functions of the choroid plexus\u2013cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"16","author":"Lun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678698","article-title":"Is there a cerebral lymphatic system?","volume":"44","author":"Iliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240514","article-title":"Garbage truck of the brain","volume":"340","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","article-title":"The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02116853","article-title":"Microvascularization of the intracranial dura mater","volume":"9","author":"Roland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761506","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.761506","article-title":"Living on the edge of the CNS: meninges cell diversity in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Derk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640202","article-title":"Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia","volume":"164","author":"Nabeshima","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1357","article-title":"Endothelial cell-cell junctions: happy together","volume":"5","author":"Dejana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03489-0","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Abeta immunotherapy","volume":"593","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01293.2005","article-title":"Response properties of dural nociceptors in relation to headache","volume":"95","author":"Strassman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102188","article-title":"Humoral immunity at the brain borders in homeostasis","volume":"76","author":"Posner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531068","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1531068","article-title":"Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment","volume":"22","author":"Van Hove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.011","article-title":"High-dimensional single-cell mapping of central nervous system immune cells reveals distinct myeloid subsets in health, aging, and disease","volume":"48","author":"Mrdjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.10.005","article-title":"Meningeal macrophages protect against viral neuroinfection","volume":"55","author":"Rebejac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005","article-title":"Border-associated macrophages as gatekeepers of brain homeostasis and immunity","volume":"58","author":"Vara-P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.021","article-title":"Early fate defines microglia and non-parenchymal brain macrophage development","volume":"181","author":"Utz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","article-title":"Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces","volume":"17","author":"Goldmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07202-9","article-title":"Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity","volume":"628","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.90","article-title":"Colonic patch and colonic SILT development are independent and differentially regulated events","volume":"6","author":"Baptista","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2425081122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2425081122","article-title":"Dural ectopic lymphatic structures accumulate during aging and exhibit dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"122","author":"Fruitman Davidi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav0492","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aav0492","article-title":"The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Mastorakos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2886-4","article-title":"Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses","volume":"587","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05753-x","article-title":"Bacteria hijack a meningeal neuroimmune axis to facilitate brain invasion","volume":"615","author":"Pinho-Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4644","article-title":"Meningeal and perivascular macrophages of the central nervous system play a protective role during bacterial meningitis","volume":"167","author":"Polfliet","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.10.018","article-title":"Meningeal neutrophil immune signaling influences behavioral adaptation following threat","volume":"113","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20221929","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221929","article-title":"Age-related alterations in meningeal immunity drive impaired CNS lymphatic drainage","volume":"220","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18626","article-title":"Unexpected role of interferon-gamma in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour","volume":"535","author":"Filiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03116-4","article-title":"Gut-licensed IFNgamma(+) NK cells drive LAMP1(+)TRAIL(+) anti-inflammatory astrocytes","volume":"590","author":"Sanmarco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09050-7","article-title":"The subfornical organ is a nucleus for gut-derived T cells that regulate behaviour","volume":"643","author":"Yoshida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4068","article-title":"Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal gammadelta T cells","volume":"22","author":"Benakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09120-w","article-title":"Gut inflammation promotes microbiota-specific CD4 T cell-mediated neuroinflammation","volume":"643","author":"White","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20230326","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230326","article-title":"Mural cells interact with macrophages in the dura mater to regulate CNS immune surveillance","volume":"221","author":"Min","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0213-2","article-title":"Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration","volume":"21","author":"Herisson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0342-5","article-title":"Leukaemia hijacks a neural mechanism to invade the central nervous system","volume":"560","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0301-3","article-title":"Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull-meninges connections","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B42","article-title":"Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma","volume":"373eabf7844","author":"Cugurra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01060-2","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid can exit into the skull bone marrow and instruct cranial hematopoiesis in mice with bacterial meningitis","volume":"25","author":"Pulous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.009","article-title":"Distinct molecular profiles of skull bone marrow in health and neurological disorders","volume":"186","author":"Kolabas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.016","article-title":"Early developing B cells undergo negative selection by central nervous system-specific antigens in the meninges","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9277","article-title":"Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders","volume":"373","author":"Brioschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00880-y","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of CNS border compartment leukocytes reveals that B cells and their progenitors reside in non-diseased meninges","volume":"24","author":"Schafflick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","article-title":"A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"169","author":"Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau8380","article-title":"Conventional DCs sample and present myelin antigens in the healthy CNS and allow parenchymal T cell entry to initiate neuroinflammation","volume":"4","author":"Mundt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B50","first-page":"485","author":"Dimlich"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01029-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid regulates skull bone marrow niches via direct access through dural channels","volume":"25","author":"Mazzitelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06993-7","article-title":"Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain","volume":"627","author":"Smyth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mast cells regulate the brain-dura interface and CSF dynamics","volume":"188","author":"Mamuladze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08279-y","article-title":"Endogenous self-peptides guard immune privilege of the central nervous system","volume":"637","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28593-1","article-title":"Stroke induces disease-specific myeloid cells in the brain parenchyma and pia","volume":"13","author":"Beuker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00126","article-title":"Meningeal mast cells as key effectors of stroke pathology","volume":"13","author":"Arac","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadh1129","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adh1129","article-title":"Extrasinusoidal macrophages are a distinct subset of immunologically active dural macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Amann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2015.06.006","article-title":"Group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate and exhibit disease-induced activation in the meninges in EAE","volume":"297","author":"Hatfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01198-1","article-title":"Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091419","article-title":"Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4","volume":"207","author":"Derecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38899-3","article-title":"Natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells 1 tune anxiety-like behavior and memory in mice via interferon-\u03b3 and acetylcholine","volume":"14","author":"Garofalo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay5199","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay5199","article-title":"Meningeal \u03b3\u03b4 T cell\u2013derived IL-17 controls synaptic plasticity and short-term memory","volume":"4","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0776-4","article-title":"Meningeal \u03b3\u03b4 T cells regulate anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons","volume":"21","author":"Alves de Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109574","article-title":"IL-17 triggers the onset of cognitive and synaptic deficits in early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Brigas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161982","article-title":"Characterization of meningeal type 2 innate lymphocytes and their response to CNS injury","volume":"214","author":"Gadani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadi1025","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi1025","article-title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior","volume":"386","author":"Barron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01349-1","article-title":"Mucosal-associated invariant T cells restrict reactive oxidative damage and preserve meningeal barrier integrity and cognitive function","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53657-9","article-title":"Protective effect of TCR-mediated MAIT cell activation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"15","author":"Walkenhorst","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadu2910","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adu2910","article-title":"The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Marin-Rodero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026032422121469700_vkaf344-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.11.012","article-title":"B lymphocytes ameliorate Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like neuropathology via interleukin-35","volume":"108","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/215\/S3\/vkaf344\/67503509\/vkaf344.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/215\/S3\/vkaf344\/67503509\/vkaf344.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:12:26Z","timestamp":1774404746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf344\/8539973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf344","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"vkaf344"}}