{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:14:04Z","timestamp":1771859644977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sepsis-induced liver injury involves profound immune dysregulation. Natural compounds such as artesunate (ART), capsaicin (CAP), and oridonin (ORI) have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating systemic inflammation; however, their comparative cellular mechanisms in sepsis remain poorly characterized. Here, we integrated and reanalyzed the single-cell transcriptomic datasets of murine livers from 5 conditions: healthy control, sepsis, and sepsis treated with ART, CAP, or ORI. We uncover a spectrum of neutrophil subtypes with treatment-responsive phenotypes, including anti-inflammatory Ngp+ Neu1, immunosuppressive Cd274+ Neu2, and mature Stfa2l1+ Neu4, in which the excessive neutrophil expansion was suppressed by all 3 therapies through distinct regulon activities. Macrophages were activated and infiltration to partially rebalance immune homeostasis. Endothelial cells underwent profound reprogramming under sepsis, marked by NF-\u03baB activation and oxidative stress, which are selectively modulated by treatment. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed a convergent dampening of inflammatory ligand-receptor networks, including the CCL signaling axis, and therapy-specific enhancement of regenerative cues, such as EGF signaling. Our findings reveal both shared and compound-specific immunoregulatory effects of ART, CAP, and ORI, offering mechanistic insights into hepatic immune rebalancing in sepsis. This single-cell atlas provides a conceptual framework for the rational design of multitarget therapies and highlights the key immune modules amenable to therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:21:29Z","timestamp":1771856489000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A multitherapy single-cell atlas reveals cell type\u2013specific modulation in sepsis-induced liver injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022309212228300_vkaf351-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.01.035","article-title":"Sepsis","volume":"120","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026022309212228300_vkaf351-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026022309212228300_vkaf351-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2014.889129","article-title":"The role of the liver in 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