{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:30:19Z","timestamp":1792794619466,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["GM144890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM144890"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["R01 CA258614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA258614"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["R21 CA259706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 CA259706"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HL177140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL177140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"American Cancer Society (ACS) Research Scholar","award":["RSG-19-166-01-TBG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSG-19-166-01-TBG"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e463172","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"American Lung Association (ALA) Lung Cancer Discovery","award":["821321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821321"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p3rh655","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tobacco Related-Disease Research Program (TRDRP) Research","award":["T33IR6461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T33IR6461"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an acute inflammatory lung injury (ALI), is a common and highly fatal lung disease without effective therapy and is primarily caused by infections. Despite lack of genetic evidence, the transcription factor NF-\u03baB has long been a target of great interest for ALI\/ARDS treatment, given its high activation by infections and its potent ability in cytokine induction. Here, using lung epithelial cell-specific knockout mice, we report that RelA, the prototypical member of NF-\u03baB, is required for the protection of alveolar epithelial cells from death caused by bacterial infection, thereby vital for lung injury prevention. Compared to wild type controls, mice with RelA deletion selectively in alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells had significantly higher mortality in response to the lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The worse mortality was associated with increased lung injury, alveolar epithelial barrier permeability, and protein leakage into the alveoli. Somewhat more unexpected, bacterial loads, total immune cells as well as the individual numbers of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the alveolar lavage were comparable between WT and RelA KO mice. Mechanistically, AT2 cell-intrinsic RelA was indispensable for inducing the pro-survival genes Bcl2 and Bcl-xL to maintain cell survival and integrity after infection. These data reveal a previously unexplored role of NF-\u03baB in preventing ALI\/ARDS and provide a mechanistic basis for designing NF-\u03baB-targeted therapies for this most lethal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T17:13:19Z","timestamp":1772385199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alveolar epithelial NF-\u03baB\/RelA guards the lung against bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0526-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongqiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immune Therapeutics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immune Therapeutics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immune Therapeutics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Hoa","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immune Therapeutics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gutian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immune Therapeutics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immune Therapeutics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, 90033, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030112131365700_vkaf374-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Matthay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026030112131365700_vkaf374-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpsurg.2020.100777","article-title":"Acute lung injury","volume":"57","author":"Mowery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Probl 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