{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:00:53Z","timestamp":1789765253124,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Institute of Health","award":["P01-AI141350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01-AI141350"]}]},{"name":"US National Institute of Health","award":["R01-EY014362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EY014362"]}]},{"name":"US National Institute of Health","award":["R01-CA196643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA196643"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutional training","award":["T32- GM008803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32- GM008803"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1\u03b2) is an inflammatory cytokine produced by myeloid cells in response to infection or sterile tissue damage. Secretion of bioactive IL-1\u03b2 from macrophages (M\u03c6) or dendritic cells (DC) downstream of activated NLRP3\/caspase-1 inflammasomes is the best characterized model; this is mediated by caspase-1 cleavage of proIL-1\u03b2 and Gasdermin D. Gasdermin D pores that form in the plasma membrane mediate IL-1\u03b2 release and pyroptotic cell death. NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is triggered by perturbation of ionic, metabolic or organelle homeostasis via diverse stimuli. A recent report demonstrated that NLRP3 activators in M\u03c6\/DC include tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate used as frontline chemotherapeutics for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This action of imatinib was initiated by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). As CML is characterized by high numbers of circulating immature granulocytes and neutrophils, we assessed the effects of imatinib on NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in murine and human neutrophils. We report that imatinib-treated neutrophils can process and release IL-1\u03b2 independently of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the expression\/activity of caspase-1 or Gasdermin D. Mechanistically, imatinib induces azurophilic granule permeabilization to drive robust cytosolic accumulation of granule-derived neutral serine proteases, serine protease-mediated processing of proIL-1\u03b2, and release of mature IL-1\u03b2. Together these findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which disruption of neutrophil granules can bypass the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to drive serine protease-mediated IL-1\u03b2 processing and release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T22:12:41Z","timestamp":1774303961000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Perturbation of azurophilic granule integrity drives NLRP3-independent IL-1\u03b2 processing and release in neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Brandon A","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Horan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek W","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health Hospital , Denver, CO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Pearlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George R","family":"Dubyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH,","place":["United 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