{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:53:28Z","timestamp":1777002808176,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1164800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1164800"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1176588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1176588"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunoglobulin class switch recombination by B lymphocytes requires the simultaneous expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and noncoding germline transcripts (GLT). Expression of both components is controllable through cytokine signalling and arise through stochastic mechanisms linked to cell division that can be predicted in mathematical models. Here we demonstrate that the same principles govern the mathematically predictable antigen-mediated regulation of isotype switching. We report both antigen affinity and antigen concentration regulated rates of AID expression and germline transcription with varying sensitivities and division-linked mechanisms. A model incorporating AID and germline transcript expression accurately predicted the rates of class switching in B cells across varying antigen affinities and dosages. Thus, class switch recombination is governed by a universal molecular logic that allows cytokine and antigen induced signals to be incorporated into a single predictive mathematical model that is robust to variable external signals to which B cells are exposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:24:18Z","timestamp":1777001058000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Control of antibody class switch recombination by quantitative integration of antigen signaling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9749-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew C","family":"Wierzbowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HoChan","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken R","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University Department of Mathematics and ECE, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip D","family":"Hodgkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miles B","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042323241210600_vkag048-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60866-4","article-title":"Antibody class 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