{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:07:21Z","timestamp":1791500841497,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Arizona BIO5 Core Facilities"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis is a leading cause of pneumonia in the endemic area of the Sonora desert and the central valley of California. The causative agent are the fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most infections ultimately resolve without treatment, some infections spread to the periphery and cause serious and even fatal illness. Much work has shown that a T cell response with production of interleukin-17A and interferon \u0263 is critical. Less work has focused on innate responses that ultimately set the stage for the adaptive response. Genetic analysis in both mice and man have shown an important role for DECTIN-1. DECTIN-1 is a C-type lectin receptor that recognizes \u03b2-glucans, the main cell wall component of many fungi. Initial recognition through DECTIN-1 modulates fungal binding, host cell uptake, and induces production of a number of cytokines and chemokines. C57BL\/6 mice carry a point mutation altering splicing of exon 3, leading to a shorter DECTIN-1 protein lacking a portion of the extracellular stalk. We created mutant C57BL\/6 mice to allowing expression of a long-stalk DECTIN-1 consistent with other mouse strains and humans. We directly examined the role of DECTIN-1 stalk length on resistance to infection with the \u03b2-glucan\u2013dominant pathogen, C. posadasii. C57BL\/6 mice expressing long-stalk DECTIN-1 bound more \u03b2-glucan per cell, produced more cytokines, and decreased mortality and dissemination after Coccidioides infection compared with wild-type littermates. The length of the DECTIN-1 stalk controls the outcome of Coccidiodes infection by differential binding and early production of protective cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:47:00Z","timestamp":1779450420000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DECTIN-1 stalk length determines binding ability, immune response, and survival in a mouse model of coccidioidomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8556-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa F","family":"Shubitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine D","family":"Butkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien T","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy P","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary R","family":"Ostroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School , Worcester, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2503-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A","family":"Frelinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John N","family":"Galgiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson , Tucson, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090708271016900_vkag098-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1086\/513202","article-title":"The early history of coccidioidomycosis: 1892-1945","volume":"44","author":"Hirschmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090708271016900_vkag098-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080859","article-title":"Coccidioides species: a review of basic research: 2022","volume":"8","author":"Kirkland","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090708271016900_vkag098-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02188","article-title":"The rise of coccidioides: forces against the dust devil unleashed","volume":"10","author":"Van Dyke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front 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