{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:57:32Z","timestamp":1791089852020,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-02497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-02497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Swedish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-1012541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-1012541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"King Gustaf V\u2019s 80-year Foundation","award":["FAI-2023-0956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2023-0956"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N-linked glycosylation (N-glyc) sites (N-X-S\/T, X\u2260P) can be introduced by somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin Fab regions. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies have a striking overrepresentation of Fab N-glycosylation. To further explore this, we sequenced B cell receptors (BCRs) from peripheral blood of 13 RA patients and 6 healthy control subjects, analyzing in total &amp;gt;250,000 heavy chain (VH) and &amp;gt;100,000 light chain sequences from both total B cells and citrullinated fibrinogen\u2013reactive (Cit-Fib+) cells. Distribution of variable VH genes in VDJ DNA, and transcripts of unmutated IgM and class-switched BCR, revealed transcript gene-usage bias and higher VH4 in natural rearrangements by out-of-frame VDJ DNA in RA patients compared with control subjects. IgG Fab N-glyc sites were slightly more prominent in RA than control subjects (14.9% versus 12.1%; P\u2009=\u20090.048) with certain VH genes (e.g. VH1-18, VH1-69, VH3-9) displaying enriched N-glyc cumulative frequencies by somatic hypermutation. VH gene N-glyc hotspots were identified, explained by a lower threshold for codon conversion (i.e. K\/S\/T-X-S\/T) and especially frequent in VH4s. Yet, RA patients had significantly more N-glyc in complementarity-determining region (CDR) 1 and 3 compared with control subjects. Expanded clonotypes with somatic hypermutation\u2013induced N-glyc sites were delineated by network analysis in both the RA patients and control group, but patients with RA displayed more highly mutated class-switched members. Furthermore, Cit-Fib+ BCR-expanded clonotypes could be traced in the total B cell repertoire and exhibited increased frequency of N-glyc in mutated IgG\/IgA subsets. Our findings highlight how Fab N-glyc sites can be linked to biased clonotype evolution and B cell selection in chronic responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:31:56Z","timestamp":1781112716000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variable fab domain N-glycosylation patterns in the B cell receptor repertoires of healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Euler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy A","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Sebastian","family":"Diaz Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunithi","family":"Gunasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"G\u00f6ransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9601-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Klareskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , 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