{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:10:41Z","timestamp":1788793841943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins underpin antiviral responses, yet their role in bacterial infections remains underexplored, particularly for parasites. We probed the role of IFITM1 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and Leishmania major infection using IFITM1 knockout mice. Notably, IFITM1 was upregulated in murine and human macrophages, as well as in PBMCs during active tuberculosis (TB), subsiding with therapy. IFITM1 also accumulated in the lungs of outbred mice and macaques that progressed to TB. IFITM1-deficient mice\u00a0displayed no differences in the acute phase; however, chronic Mtb infection revealed lower bacterial loads, mitigated lung pathology, dampened inflammatory cell recruitment, and decreased cytokines. IFITM1\u2212\/\u2212 macrophages curbed intracellular H37RV and HN878 growth, skewing proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and nitric oxide) production while phagosome maturation and autophagy remained unaffected. Furthermore, HN878-infected IFITM1\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited increased lung cell death by TUNEL staining, driving enhanced mortality. Lm similarly increased IFITM1 expression in macrophages, liver, and spleen. IFITM1\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited reduced early tissue burdens and serum IFN-\u03b3, TNF, and IL-6, yet liver pathology escalated, driving mortality and suggesting dysregulated inflammation. These macrophages also limited intracellular Lm growth, with increased necrosis. By contrast, L. major footpad swelling and parasitic loads remained unaffected in knockout animals. Together, IFITM1 exacerbates TB and listeriosis pathology by calibrating inflammation against bacterial control, but plays no role in cutaneous leishmaniasis. These findings reveal IFITM1-specific contributions to bacterial but not parasitic infections, favoring disease tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T23:41:34Z","timestamp":1780875694000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IFITM1 differentially regulates antibacterial immunity and immunopathology but is dispensable for antiparasitic responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Sibongiseni K L","family":"Poswayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infections, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mumin","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenomics and Single Cell Biophysics Group, Department of Cell Biology, FNWI, Radboud University , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudranil","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infections, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Fearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe J","family":"Queval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Throughput Screening Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narjis","family":"Thawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius 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Africa"]},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Hurdayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Brombacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infections, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-0337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximiliano G","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-7990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suraj P","family":"Parihar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infections, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of 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