{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:10:38Z","timestamp":1788793838944,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01AI141990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI141990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32AI007163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AI007163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30AI188815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30AI188815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI153064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI153064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AI158571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI158571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical structures in which antigen-specific B cells undergo proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and affinity-based competition to select high-affinity clones that differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells (PCs). B cell progression through the GC is tightly regulated, and the molecular determinants that modulate GC B cell proliferation and survival are still under investigation. Here, we use a conditional deletion mouse model to demonstrate that bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF), a subunit of the nucleosome remodeling factor chromatin remodeling complex, is required for robust GC B cell responses following vaccination. In GC B cells, Bptf loss induces a stress-like transcriptional profile and a shift toward PC identity-defining transcriptional programing, although this does not lead to accumulation of functional PCs. Rather, we show that BPTF-deficient GC B cells are prone to cell death. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that BPTF is necessary for GC B cell maintenance and robust antigen-specific B cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T10:54:33Z","timestamp":1781952873000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BPTF is essential for vaccine-induced germinal center B cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandria J","family":"Sturtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birk K","family":"Evavold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarifeh","family":"Heidari Rarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa B","family":"Alsoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian Q","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanover C","family":"Matz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Muramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wren","family":"Simkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Kumar Malladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine M","family":"McIntire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5747-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jishnu","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson S","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Pardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali H","family":"Ellebedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-120419-022408","article-title":"Germinal centers","volume":"40","author":"Victora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1837","article-title":"Effectors and memories: Bcl-6 and Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocyte differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Crotty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.009","article-title":"Germinal center organization and cellular dynamics","volume":"27","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.032","article-title":"Germinal center dynamics revealed by multiphoton microscopy with a photoactivatable fluorescent reporter","volume":"143","author":"Victora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-211763","article-title":"AID constrains germinal center size by rendering B cells susceptible to apoptosis","volume":"114","author":"Zaheen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao2602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao2602","article-title":"The microanatomic segregation of selection by apoptosis in the germinal center","volume":"358","author":"Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2418","article-title":"The cell-cycle regulator c-Myc is essential for the formation and maintenance of germinal centers","volume":"13","author":"Calado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.013","article-title":"Protein amounts of the MYC transcription factor determine germinal center B cell division capacity","volume":"51","author":"Finkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2428","article-title":"c-MYC is required for germinal center selection and cyclic re-entry","volume":"13","author":"Dominguez-Sola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701321","article-title":"B cell-intrinsic mTORC1 promotes germinal center-defining transcription factor gene expression, somatic hypermutation, and memory B cell generation in humoral immunity","volume":"200","author":"Raybuck","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.005","article-title":"Germinal center selection and affinity maturation require dynamic regulation of mTORC1 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E-cadherin","volume":"141","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2303091","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303091","article-title":"BPTF drives gastric cancer resistance to EGFR inhibitor by epigenetically regulating the C-MYC\/PLCG1\/Perk Axis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.02.013","article-title":"A BPTF-specific PROTAC degrader enhances NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2022.13344","article-title":"BPTF activates the MAPK pathway through coexpression with Raf1 to promote proliferation of T-cell 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(Basel)"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268275","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1268275","article-title":"MYC function and regulation in physiological perspective","volume":"11","author":"Jha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10153","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10153","article-title":"BPTF is required for c-MYC transcriptional activity and in vivo tumorigenesis","volume":"7","author":"Richart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1331-3","article-title":"Bptf determines oncogenic addiction in aggressive B-cell 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vaccination","volume":"604","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-021-01223-w","article-title":"Highly reliable creation of floxed alleles by electroporating single-cell embryos","volume":"20","author":"Sentmanat","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3770-8_7","article-title":"Production and evaluation of nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases","volume":"2786","author":"Vadovics","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.009","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines foster potent antigen-specific germinal center responses associated with neutralizing antibody 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conformation","volume":"367","author":"Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5b00483","article-title":"Dual screening of BPTF and Brd4 using protein-observed fluorine NMR uncovers new bromodomain probe molecules","volume":"10","author":"Urick","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602353103","article-title":"Tracking germinal center B cells expressing germ-line immunoglobulin \u03b31 transcripts by conditional gene targeting","volume":"103","author":"Casola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026090710421003000_vkag126-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-518605","article-title":"Cooperative transcriptional repression by BCL6 and BACH2 in germinal center B-cell 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