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FSS alone was sufficient to induce NF-\u03baB phosphorylation and intracellular cytokine synthesis, demonstrating that mechanical stimulation can independently initiate T cell activation signaling. Moreover, FSS combined with anti-CD3\/CD28 stimulation produced a synergistic increase in activation signaling, IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 production, and CD25\/CD69 expression. While trends were consistent across donors overall, inter-patient variability reflected differences in baseline T cell phenotype, with na\u00efve-like cells displaying greater mechanosensitivity. These results indicate that cancer patient-derived T cells retain mechanotransduction capacity despite reduced antigen responsiveness. Incorporating FSS as a co-stimulatory signal during ex vivo expansion may be more effective at priming patient T cells for activation, enhancing effector function, and improving the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:13:31Z","timestamp":1786025611000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluid shear stress as a co-stimulatory cue to enhance T cell priming and restore activation in cancer patient T cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5643-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole S","family":"Sarna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, TX,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN,","place":["United 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