{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:10:39Z","timestamp":1788793839862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 AI184587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 AI184587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI007313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI179749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI179749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thymic B cells rely on T cells and type-III IFN (IFN-\u03bb) signaling for class switch recombination and effective licensing as APCs, a process essential for their role in establishing central T-cell tolerance. IFN-\u03bb is produced exclusively by a subset of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs); however, the spatial layout between B cells and IFN-\u03bb\u2013producing mTECs remain unclear. Here, we studied the distribution of thymic B cells and IFN-\u03bb+ mTECs, alongside other mTEC populations, to better understand the niche required for thymic B-cell licensing. Using 26 target multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of the thymus, we identified populations of na\u00efve B cells, licensed B cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, plasma cells, mTECs, and mimetic mTECs within the thymus. Spatial analysis revealed licensed B cells closely interacted with both IFN-\u03bb+ mTEC and GP2+ microfold mTECs, with transcriptional analysis predicting CCL20-CCR6\u2013mediated B-cell interactions with microfold and IFN-\u03bb+ mTECs. However, studies in CCR6-deficient mice showed CCR6-CCL20 interaction was not required for B-cell licensing. To further investigate the role of GP2+ microfold mTECs in B-cell licensing, we studied the NOD\/ShiLtJ mouse model, which we confirmed to have a natural reduction in microfold mTECs. Interestingly, the thymic B cells in NOD mice demonstrated reduced licensing, which was attributed to reductions in IFN-\u03bb receptor expression on thymic B cells. These data indicate that microfold mTECs modulate the capacity of thymic B cells to undergo IFN-\u03bb\u2013induced licensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:23:47Z","timestamp":1784265827000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["mTECs and B cells form a thymic microniche associated with B-cell licensing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Ryan J","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianna M","family":"Rivera-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avrora","family":"Nikolaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School , Worcester, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School , Worcester, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matou\u0161","family":"Vobo\u0159il","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyra","family":"Boorsma Bergerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-0010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew C","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheal A","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean I","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Reboldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School , Worcester, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School , Worcester, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T","family":"Fife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin A","family":"Hogquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, MN,","place":["United 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autoimmunity","volume":"26","author":"Lombard-Vadnais","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026090710421219200_vkag185-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.05.013","article-title":"Thymic B cells are licensed to present self antigens for central T cell tolerance induction","volume":"42","author":"Yamano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026090710421219200_vkag185-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2220120120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220120120","article-title":"Type III interferon drives thymic B cell activation and regulatory T cell generation","volume":"120","author":"Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. 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