{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:10:44Z","timestamp":1788793844403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201300006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93020D00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93020D00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI050409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI050409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51OD011132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51OD011132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Class I MHC peptide (MHC-Ip) multimers are well-established reagents that detect antigen-specific T cells. The classical method for production of MHC-Ip multimers begins with the expression of MHC heavy chains (HCs) and \u03b22-microglobulin (\u03b22m) subunits as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli and is followed by denaturant solubilization, in vitro folding in the presence of a defined peptide ligand, and purification by size exclusion chromatography. This protocol is labor intensive, difficult to scale, and represents a significant bottleneck in application of the technology. Herein, we present a novel method for the expression in eukaryotic cells of secreted peptide exchange\u2013competent class I MHC proteins in their native conformation. In this method, expression constructs are engineered as bimolecular complexes composed of an MHC HC and a \u03b22m molecule covalently linked at its amino terminus to an MHC-binding peptide through a flexible peptide linker containing a defined protease site. Upon proteolysis, the original peptide occupant of the MHC binding site dissociates and is easily replaced with a synthetic peptide. When leucine zippers are added to the carboxyl terminus of each subunit, protease cleavage of the linker results in a stable HC\/\u03b22m complex that can be isolated and stored for subsequent peptide loading. Using this method, we have produced homogeneous MHC-Ip complexes for 25 class I MHC alleles and demonstrated that tetramers produced in this way are equivalent to conventionally produced tetramers for T-cell staining.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:40:57Z","timestamp":1785818457000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peptide exchange\u2013competent class I MHC molecules produced in eukaryotic cells for rapid production of MHC multimers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Vasanthi","family":"Ramachandiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C","family":"Shires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donielle L","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara R","family":"Kazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred O","family":"Ede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Laur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Custom Cloning Core Facility, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9733-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Emory National Biomedical Research Center , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United 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