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Because of the lack of allelic exclusion in TRA loci, it is possible for a T cell to express either one or two distinct TRA chains, and although both configurations are present in significant quantities in the mature T-cell population, this has been viewed a largely inconsequential phenomenon. We analyzed human TRA repertoires using sequencing of genomic DNA as starting material from T-cell subsets representing different maturation stages of T cells, from donors aged from 7\u2009d to 61\u2009yr, some with chronic exposure to pathogen or autoimmune antigens. The frequency of productive TRA clonotypes increased along the T cell maturation stage and showed a consistent positive correlation with the donor age. Moreover, our data provide evidence of chronic antigen exposure further increasing the frequency of productive TRA sequences. We propose that these unexpected findings are due to a preferred positive peripheral selection of the T cell population bearing 2 functional TRA chains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:36:46Z","timestamp":1787319406000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age-related changes in the human T cell receptor alpha repertoire suggest positive selection of dual-specific T cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8822-1871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juho","family":"Nummelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Programs Unit and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , 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Utrecht,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"Saram\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University , Espoo,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelli","family":"Heikkil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Programs Unit and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , 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