{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T23:28:05Z","timestamp":1786490885407,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science domain NWO-ENW"},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme"},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Grant Agreement","award":["764698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764698"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthy aging relies on the maintenance of a diverse T cell pool. This diversity is ensured by balancing thymic output, differentiation of naive into memory T cells, T cell proliferation and cell death. For naive T cells, the balance of these processes differs between standard laboratory mice and humans. This may be a true species difference or, alternatively, result from the vastly different amounts of antigens to which standard laboratory mice and humans are exposed. Using wildlings, that is, laboratory mice born to wild mice, we studied the impact of antigen-exposure through a natural microbiome on naive and memory T cell maintenance. We found that standard laboratory mice and wildlings maintain their naive T cell pools similarly: naive T cells rarely divide and are replaced by thymic emigrants at similar rates. The daily replacement rate of memory T cells, on the other hand, is about 50% faster in wildlings than in standard laboratory mice. In both types of mice, about 20% of newly produced memory T cells originate from recruitment of naive T cells, while the remaining cells are produced by their clonal expansion and by self-renewal. In older mice, this drops to 5%. In humans, a similarly large fraction of memory cells originate from recruitment of naive T cells. Unlike in mice, most naive T cells in human adults are formed by naive T cell proliferation. Thus, while both types of mice mimic the maintenance mechanisms of the memory T cell pool in humans, even wildlings fall short as a model for human naive T cell maintenance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T22:37:15Z","timestamp":1786487835000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TRECing down the source: naive and memory T cell generation in dirty mice and men"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Lyanne Y","family":"Derksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena S","family":"de Dios Panal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara M J","family":"Brouwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erdem","family":"Sanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk B","family":"Schuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liset","family":"Westera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara P H","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"van Baarle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob J","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan P","family":"Rosshart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiki","family":"Tesselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A M","family":"Borghans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht , Utrecht,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081118370824200_vkag216-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaah6506","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aah6506","article-title":"Longterm maintenance of human naive T cells through in situ homeostasis in lymphoid tissue sites","volume":"1","author":"Thome","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026081118370824200_vkag216-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.007","article-title":"Human T cell development, localization, and function throughout 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