{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:51:05Z","timestamp":1790722265382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]],"date-time":"2020-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sawiris Foundation for Social Development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012652","name":"ETH Zurich Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ETH Global"},{"name":"B\u00fchler AG"},{"name":"Horst Adelmann"},{"name":"Peter Bigler"},{"name":"Lia Baumann"},{"name":"Richard Fankhauser"},{"name":"Carmen Kunz"},{"name":"Robert Spiess"},{"name":"Jacqueline Traber"},{"name":"Marianne Zimmermann"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large-scale insect rearing for food and feed production can be improved by understanding diet digestion and host\u2013microbe interactions. To examine these processes in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae, two protocols were developed. Protocol 1 describes a method to produce viable, sterile black soldier fly larvae and a gentle method for diet sterilization. Sterile black soldier fly larvae can be used to study the diverse role of microbes in larval development. Nutrient requirements of sterile black soldier fly larvae are met only through diet. Viable sterile black soldier fly larvae were consistently generated using a four-step treatment with alternating immersions of eggs for 2 min each in ethanol (70%) and sodium hypochlorite (0.6%), over two cycles. A nonthermal method of diet sterilization, namely high-energy electron beam (HEEB) treatment, was introduced. Subsequently, growth of sterile black soldier fly larvae was observed on the HEEB-treated diets (40, 60, and 40% of replicates with poultry feed, liver pie, and an artificial diet, respectively) but not on autoclaved diets. In Protocol 2, we propose a novel method to collect frass from individual larvae. We then measured the metabolites in frass, using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results on metabolites confirmed the influence of digestion. For instance, succinate increased from 1 to 2 and 7 \u03bcmol\/g sample from diet to gut homogenate and frass, respectively. The collection method is a promising tool to estimate the diet and nutrient requirements of black soldier fly larvae, thus increasing the performance and reliability of black soldier fly larvae rearing. We discuss in detail the possible applications and limitations of our methods in black soldier fly larvae research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieaa057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T11:10:16Z","timestamp":1590837016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Novel Experimental Methods for the Investigation of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Moritz","family":"Gold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Binggeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Kurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmaBiome AG, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"de Wouters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmaBiome AG, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reichlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmaBiome AG, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Zurbr\u00fcgg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mathys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kreuzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020063009335396200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2016.0055","article-title":"Nutritional value of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) and its suitability as animal feed \u2013 a review","volume":"3","author":"Barrag\u00e1n-Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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