{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T03:31:55Z","timestamp":1778297515460,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2019-67021-29449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2019-67021-29449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USDA-NIFA Hatch Project Accession","award":["#1008750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1008750"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017087","name":"Louisiana Soybean and Grain Research and Promotion Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station","award":["2022-234-38308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-234-38308"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When insecticides are applied in the environment, much of the product does not reach the target pest. Biopolymeric nanoparticles as nanocarriers have the potential to improve insecticide efficacy by improving absorption, coverage, and permeability while protecting the insecticide active ingredient from abiotic conditions and extending efficacy through controlled release. We conducted a series of experiments using a biopolymeric nanoparticle synthesized from zein, a biodegradable maize protein, to compare efficacy of a nanodelivered hydrophobic insect growth regulator (methoxyfenozide) against a commercial formulation. Positively charged zein nanoparticles (empty and loaded with methoxyfenozide) were compared to the formulated product, Intrepid 2F, as a foliar spray in-field on soybean. Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) was used as a model and was fed sprayed soybean leaves to evaluate efficacy of the tested foliar products over time. A separate set of leaves was sampled to measure residue levels of methoxyfenozide (MFZ) over time following foliar application using QuEChERS extraction and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Regression analysis found no differences in mortality slopes between positively charged zein nanoparticles loaded with methoxyfenozide [(+)ZNP(MFZ)] and Intrepid 2F, suggesting comparable efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles to a commercial product. Higher concentrations of MFZ were present in (+)ZNP(MFZ)-treated in leaf tissue at 3 d following spray when compared to Intrepid 2F. The multiyear study results demonstrate that nanoparticles loaded with MFZ are comparable to Intrepid 2F under field conditions, with potential short-term benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iead017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T10:14:59Z","timestamp":1679652899000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Field applications of zein as a precise nanoscale delivery system for methoxyfenozide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2723-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C A R","family":"Bonser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center , 404 Life Science Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Tamez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, CT 06511 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, CT 06511 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C E","family":"Astete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center , 149 E. B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Sabliov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center , 149 E. B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J A","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center , 404 Life Science Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2023032410075030900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2012.01576.x","article-title":"Foliar persistence and residual activity of methoxyfenozide against beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"20","author":"Aguirre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023032410075030900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.09.015","article-title":"DNA damage response to different surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles in mammalian cells","volume":"233","author":"Ahamed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"55","key":"2023032410075030900_","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative bioassay of silver nanoparticles and malathion on infestation of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum","volume":"80","author":"Alisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Basic Appl Zool"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023032410075030900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-017-0898-0","article-title":"Nanoparticles for pest control: current status and future perspectives","volume":"91","author":"Athanassiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023032410075030900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.242","article-title":"Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective","volume":"4","author":"Auffan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023032410075030900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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