{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:32:29Z","timestamp":1790217149679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) represents a major threat to fruit production in the Western Hemisphere. Sterile insect technique is used to suppress and eradicate wild populations. Success of this control method necessitates weekly production of hundreds of millions of flies, their sterilization by irradiation, and their aerial release. Diet needed to produce large fly numbers are conducive to the spread of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 3 rearing facilities and from multiple sources: eggs, larvae, pupae and spent diet, and were found to include some isolates identified to the genus Providencia (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae). We identified 41 Providencia isolates and tested their pathogenicity to A. ludens. Based on 16s rRNA sequences, 3 groups were clustered into several species of Providencia with varying capacities to affect the Mexican fruit fly production. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens\/P. rustigianii were all pathogenic causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 46\u201364% and 37\u201357%, respectively. Among them, Providencia isolate 3006 was the most pathogenic reducing larval and pupae yield by 73 and 81%, respectively. Isolates identified as P. sneebia were not pathogenic. The final cluster, P. rettgeri\/P. vermicola, were variable in pathogenicity with 3 isolates yielding like the control and the rest causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 26\u201353% and 23\u201351%, respectively. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens\/P. rustigianii were more virulent than P. rettgeri\/P. vermicola. Accurate identification of species is needed to diagnose and monitor pathogenic versus nonpathogenic Providencia strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iead024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T15:18:59Z","timestamp":1684855139000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pathogenicity of multiple <i>Providencia<\/i> species (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae) to the mass-reared Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bacilio","family":"Salas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Mission Laboratory , 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Moore Airbase, Building 6417, Edinburg, TX 78541 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugh E","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Mission Laboratory , 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Moore Airbase, Building 6417, Edinburg, TX 78541 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don C","family":"Vacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Mission Laboratory , 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Moore Airbase, Building 6417, Edinburg, TX 78541 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2266-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristopher","family":"Vitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg, TX 78539 , USA"},{"name":"Center for Vector-Borne Disease, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg, TX 78539 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin L","family":"Schuenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg, TX 78539 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429355738-18","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of corncob fractions on the larval performance of Anastrepha obliqua.","volume-title":"Area-wide management of fruit fly pests","author":"Aceituno-Medina","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2006)43[1129:EOSOBI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Evaluation of significance of bacteria in larval development of Cochliomyla macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","volume":"43","author":"Ahmad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.001103","article-title":"Bionomics and management of Anastrepha","volume":"38","author":"Aluja","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685937","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.685937","article-title":"Metagenomic survey of the highly polyphagous Anastrepha ludens developing in ancestral and exotic hosts reveals the lack of a stable microbiota in larvae and the strong influence of metamorphosis on adult gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Aluja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/89.3.654","article-title":"Seasonal population flucturations and ecological implicatiions for management of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in commercial mango orchards in southern Mexico","volume":"89","author":"Aluja","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0006","first-page":"151","article-title":"A review of studies on the Mexican fruit fly and related Mexican species","volume":"531","author":"Baker","year":"1944","journal-title":"USDA Misc Publ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6511-6518.2000","article-title":"Host-Pathogen interactions: basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease","volume":"68","author":"Casadevall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0008","first-page":"17","article-title":"Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera Tephritidae), addendum to the bibliography 1990-2019","volume":"70","author":"Conway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subtrop Agric Environ"},{"key":"2023083109514629800_CIT0009","author":"FAO\/IAEA\/USDA. 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