{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:21:30Z","timestamp":1779891690817,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a main host for the adult life stages of tick species of medical and veterinary importance. Since white-tailed deer play a vital role in tick ecology, research has been conducted to understand this tick\u2013host relationship. To date, research involving captive white-tailed deer and artificial infestation of these animals with ticks has focused on host suitability, the role of white-tailed deer in tick-borne diseases, and anti-tick vaccine research. The methodology reported for these studies was at times not descriptive and inconsistent regarding how and what region of the white-tailed deer was infested with ticks. Here, we propose a standardized method to artificially infest captive white-tailed deer with ticks for research purposes. The protocol describes a method proven effective to experimentally infest captive white-tailed deer with blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) to study tick\u2013host interactions. The methods can be reliably transferred for experimental infestation of white-tailed deer by other multi-host and one-host tick species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iead029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T15:19:36Z","timestamp":1684855176000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Artificial infestation of white-tailed deer with ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) to study tick\u2013host interactions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alec S","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University , 495 Horticulture Road, College Station, TX 77843 , USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center , 1619 Garner Field Road, Uvalde, TX 78801 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A","family":"Persinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center , 1619 Garner Field Road, Uvalde, TX 78801 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0433-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia U","family":"Olafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS , 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0752-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammi L","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University , 495 Horticulture Road, College Station, TX 77843 , USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center , 1619 Garner Field Road, Uvalde, TX 78801 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0001","article-title":"Federation of Animal Science Societies. 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(Acari: Ixodidae), a Neotropical tick species, found in Ohio","volume":"30","author":"Keirans","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/8.5.495","article-title":"Arthropod parasites collected from white-tailed deer","volume":"8","author":"Kellogg","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0012","first-page":"96","article-title":"Short-term care of white-tailed deer fawns (Odocoileus virginianus) in a conventional laboratory animal facility","volume":"37","author":"Kendall","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.3.592","article-title":"Attempted transmission of Ehrlichia chaffeensis among white-tailed deer by Amblyomma maculatum","volume":"36","author":"Kocan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J 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to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)","volume":"43","author":"Varela-Stokes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.3.478","article-title":"Transmission of bacterial agents from lone star ticks to white-tailed deer","volume":"44","author":"Varela-Stokes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13722","article-title":"Surveys for ticks on wildlife hosts and in the environment at Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis)-positive sites in Virginia and New Jersey, 2018","volume":"68","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052613312383900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.2.381","article-title":"Natural and experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the United States with an Ehrlichia sp. closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium","volume":"44","author":"Yabsley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Insect 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