{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:00:54Z","timestamp":1771034454393,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service","award":["6064-21000-018-000-D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6064-21000-018-000-D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>An economically important global maize pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)), feed on all above-ground portions of maize plants, primarily the whorl tissues. One of our research unit missions is to identify and develop maize germplasm with resistance to fall armyworm. One method to measure resistance in maize to fall armyworm is visual rating of leaf-feeding damage after infestation with neonates into the whorl. The objective of this study was to compare leaf-feeding damage ratings after infestation with different rates of fall armyworm neonates. The ultimate goal was to select the smallest infestation rate which could give the same damage effect on maize leaves as the larger infestation rates. Four susceptible and 7 resistant maize germplasm lines were planted in replicated experiments with a split plot arrangement in the field in the summer of 2023 and 2024. Plants were infested with fall armyworm at 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-neonate infestation rates (treatment). Leaf-feeding damage was scored 14\u2005d after infestation. In general, 10-neonates infestation rate exhibited less damage in comparison to the higher infestation rates indicating much less pressure from fall armyworm to exhibit resistance in maize regardless of the lines. Overall results showed that 20-, 30-, and 40-neonate infestation rates did not differ in the leaf-feeding damage scores among each other. These rates were able to clearly distinguish the damage between susceptible and resistant lines; hence, 20-neonate rate could be used as the standard infestation rate for future infestation in the maize resistance research program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieaf025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T15:19:08Z","timestamp":1744039148000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of infestation rates of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) neonates for maize resistance screening"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7025-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra W","family":"Woolfolk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit , Mississippi State, MS","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gerald A","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit , Mississippi State, MS","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4315-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quentin D","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Southeast Area , Raleigh, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0001","article-title":"Personal communication","author":"Abel","year":"2025"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3958\/059.045.0107","article-title":"Evaluation of XL370A-derived maize germplasm for resistance to leaf feeding by fall armyworm","volume":"45","author":"Abel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Southwestern Entomol"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3958\/059.048.0108","article-title":"Evaluating founding landraces of maize population PI 674097 for resistance to leaf-feeding Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"48","author":"Abel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Southwestern Entomol"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/0470114754","volume-title":"Introduction to categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2023.100148","article-title":"Screening of maize inbred lines and evaluation of hybrids for their resistance to fall armyworm","volume":"8","author":"Asare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0006","volume-title":"Featured creatures: fall armyworm","author":"Capinera","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0008","author":"Christensen","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0009","volume-title":"Insect diets: science and technology","author":"Cohen","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0011","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Hand inoculator for dispensing lepidopterous larvae","author":"Davis","year":"1979"},{"key":"2025040711561692800_CIT0012","first-page":"6","article-title":"Resistance to multiple lepidopterous species in tropical derived corn germplasm","volume-title":"Tech. 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