{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:58:05Z","timestamp":1780667885241,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Endometrial cancer frequently occurs in post-menopausal women, and the endometrium is a well-known site of cancer affecting women. Endometrial cancer is found with genital bleeding and often at an early stage. However, there are some risks of recurrence after hysterectomy. As a medical treatment after the diagnosis of endometrial cancer, appropriate adjuvant therapy is considered to lead to a decrease in the rate of recurrence and improvement of prognosis according to the determination of the cancer stage from the surgical and histopathological results. In this review, we describe post-operative adjuvant therapy administered for endometrial cancer and advanced disease, focusing on chemotherapy, radiation therapy and the combination of both. These treatments are divided according to the risk of recurrence as based primarily on the reported evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T11:07:04Z","timestamp":1588504024000},"page":"753-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Adjuvant treatment of endometrial cancer today"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kanao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayu","family":"Yunokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Omatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Fusegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Perinatal and Women\u2019s Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","article-title":"Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods","volume":"15","author":"Ferlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyv088","article-title":"Cancer incidence and incidence rates in Japan in 2009: a study of 32 population-based cancer registries for the monitoring of cancer incidence in Japan (MCIJ) project","volume":"45","author":"Hori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2492-2","article-title":"Annual outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling (OHES) in HNPCC\/lynch syndrome (LS)","volume":"286","author":"Manchanda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/GMIT.GMIT_25_18","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus laparotomy: staging surgery for endometrial cancer - Malaysia's early experience","volume":"8","author":"Ghazali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.8645","article-title":"Recurrence and survival after random assignment to laparoscopy versus laparotomy for comprehensive surgical staging of uterine cancer: gynecologic oncology group LAP2 study","volume":"30","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.11.034","article-title":"A comparative detail analysis of the learning curve and surgical outcome for robotic hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy versus laparoscopic hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy in treatment of endometrial cancer: a case-matched controlled study of the first one hundred twenty two patients","volume":"120","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90859-4","article-title":"Features associated with survival and disease-free survival in early endometrial cancer","volume":"160","author":"Sutton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90399-R","article-title":"Evaluation of unfavorable histologic subtypes in endometrial adenocarcinoma","volume":"162","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960315)77:6<1115::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Pathologic models to predict outcome for women with endometrial adenocarcinoma: the importance of the distinction between surgical stage and clinical stage\u2013a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"77","author":"Zaino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6550","article-title":"Predictors of lymphatic failure in endometrial cancer","volume":"84","author":"Mariani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(89)90626-4","article-title":"Endometrial adenocarcinoma histologic subtypes: clinical and pathologic profile","volume":"32","author":"Fanning","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref12","first-page":"1250","volume-title":"Berek & Novak\u2019s Gynecology","author":"Lurain","year":"2012","edition":"15th"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1998.5086","article-title":"Ovarian metastasis in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Takeshima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2002.6713","article-title":"Assessment of prognostic factors in stage IIIA endometrial cancer","volume":"86","author":"Mariani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e76","article-title":"Assessing the effect of guideline introduction on clinical practice and outcome in patients with endometrial cancer in Japan: a project of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO) guideline evaluation committee","volume":"28","author":"Shigeta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-010-0138-6","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for treatment of uterine body neoplasm in Japan: Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO) 2009 edition","volume":"15","author":"Nagase","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-016-0981-1","article-title":"Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines 2013 for the treatment of uterine body neoplasms","volume":"21","author":"Ebina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.159","article-title":"The postoperative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma trial. Outcome of high-risk stage IC, grade 3, compared with stage I endometrial carcinoma patients: the postoperative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma trial","volume":"1","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.06.035","article-title":"Node-positive adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: outcome and patterns of recurrence with and without external beam irradiation","volume":"115","author":"Klopp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.10.010","article-title":"A multicenter evaluation of adjuvant therapy in women with optimally resected stage IIIC endometrial cancer","volume":"128","author":"Secord","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi33","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt353","article-title":"ESMO guidelines working group. Endometrial cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Colombo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000609","article-title":"ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO endometrial consensus conference working group. ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO consensus conference on endometrial cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Colombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2003.11.048","article-title":"Gynecologic oncology group. A phase III trial of surgery with or without adjunctive external pelvic radiation therapy in intermediate risk endometrial adenocarcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"92","author":"Keys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1996.0227","article-title":"A phase II trial of paclitaxel in patients with advanced or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"62","author":"Ball","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"93","key":"2020070906041748800_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602817","article-title":"Phase II trial of docetaxel in advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer: a Japanese cooperative study","volume":"31","author":"Katsumata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref26","volume-title":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology Endometrial Carcinoma version 5","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182185baa","article-title":"Revised FIGO staging system for endometrial cancer","volume":"54","author":"Lewin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref28","first-page":"419","article-title":"Postoperative external irradiation and prognostic parameters in stage I endometrial carcinoma: clinical and histopathologic study of 540 patients","volume":"56","author":"Aalders","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61767-5","article-title":"Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer (MRC ASTEC and NCIC CTG EN.5 randomised trials): pooled trial results, systematic review, and meta-analysis","volume":"373","author":"ASTEC\/EN.5 Study Group","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs374","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer: an updated Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181a6c9df","article-title":"Intravaginal brachytherapy in FIGO stage I low-risk endometrial cancer: a controlled randomized study","volume":"19","author":"Sorbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm066","article-title":"Cochrane gynaecological cancer group. Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02139-5","article-title":"Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma: multicentre randomised trial. PORTEC study group. Post operative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.03.007","article-title":"PORTEC study group. Postoperative radiotherapy for stage 1 endometrial carcinoma: long-term outcome of the randomized PORTEC trial with central pathology review","volume":"1","author":"Scholten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.4590","article-title":"Long-term outcome and quality of life of patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with or without pelvic radiotherapy in the post operative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma 1 (PORTEC-1) trial","volume":"1","author":"Nout","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62163-2","article-title":"PORTEC study group. Vaginal brachytherapy versus pelvic external beam radiotherapy for patients with endometrial cancer of high-intermediate risk (PORTEC-2): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial","volume":"6","author":"Nout","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.11.014","article-title":"Five-year quality of life of endometrial cancer patients treated in the randomised post operative radiation therapy in endometrial cancer (PORTEC-2) trial and comparison with norm data","volume":"48","author":"Nout","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.04.014","article-title":"External pelvic and vaginal irradiation versus vaginal irradiation alone as postoperative therapy in medium-risk endometrial carcinoma--a prospective randomized study","volume":"82","author":"Sorbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.05.015","article-title":"Substantial lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) is a significant risk factor for recurrence in endometrial cancer--a pooled analysis of PORTEC 1 and 2 trials","volume":"51","author":"Bosse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.09.029","article-title":"Japanese gynecologic oncology group. Randomized phase III trial of pelvic radiotherapy versus cisplatin-based combined chemotherapy in patients with intermediate- and high-risk endometrial cancer: a Japanese gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"108","author":"Susumu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01575","article-title":"Phase III trial: adjuvant pelvic radiation therapy versus vaginal brachytherapy plus paclitaxel\/carboplatin in high-intermediate and high-risk early stage endometrial cancer","volume":"37","author":"Randall","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.00.7617","article-title":"Gynecologic oncology group study. Randomized phase III trial of whole-abdominal irradiation versus doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"1","author":"Randall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e3182169239","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrial cancer","volume":"21","author":"Tangjitgamol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603279","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy vs radiotherapy in high-risk endometrial carcinoma: results of a randomised trial","volume":"7","author":"Maggi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(90)90166-I","article-title":"Doxorubicin as an adjuvant following surgery and radiation therapy in patients with high-risk endometrial carcinoma, stage I and occult stage II: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"36","author":"Morrow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.06.002","article-title":"Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in endometrial cancer\u2013results from two randomised studies","volume":"46","author":"Hogberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.02.007","article-title":"Final analysis of RTOG 9708: adjuvant postoperative irradiation combined with cisplatin\/paclitaxel chemotherapy following surgery for patients with high-risk endometrial cancer","volume":"103","author":"Greven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.03.020","article-title":"Surgically staged high-risk endometrial cancer: randomized study of adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs. sequential chemo-radiotherapy","volume":"110","author":"Kuoppala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.11.014","article-title":"A randomized phase III trial in advanced endometrial carcinoma of surgery and volume directed radiation followed by cisplatin and doxorubicin with or without paclitaxel: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"112","author":"Homesley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.08.022","article-title":"Patient-reported peripheral neuropathy of doxorubicin and cisplatin with and without paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer: results from GOG 184","volume":"119","author":"Cella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30120-6","article-title":"PORTEC study group. Toxicity and quality of life after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"17","author":"Boer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30079-2","article-title":"PORTEC study group. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): final results of an international, open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Boer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy058","article-title":"Final validation of the ProMisE molecular classifier for endometrial carcinoma in a large population-based case series","volume":"29","author":"Kommoss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref54"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1813181","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy plus radiation for locally advanced endometrial cancer","volume":"380","author":"Matei","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0658-1918","article-title":"Statement of the uterus Committee of the Gynaecological Oncology Working Group (AGO) on the PORTEC-3 study","volume":"78","author":"Emons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.08.016","article-title":"Disease Committee of Uterine Endometrial Cancer, Japanese gynecologic oncology group. Practice pattern for postoperative management of endometrial cancer in Japan: a survey of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group","volume":"115","author":"Watanabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref58","first-page":"17","article-title":"Status of Japanese radiation oncology","volume":"22","author":"Nakano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02046-2","article-title":"A comparison of the structure of radiation oncology in the United States and Japan","volume":"34","author":"Teshima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.11103","article-title":"Geographical distribution of radiotherapy resources in Japan: investigating the inequitable distribution of human resources by using the Gini coefficient","volume":"53","author":"Tanikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Radiat Res (Tokyo)"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq401","article-title":"Randomized phase II study comparing docetaxel plus cisplatin, docetaxel plus carboplatin, and paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a Japanese gynecologic oncology group study (JGOG2041)","volume":"22","author":"Nomura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0001","article-title":"Effect of Taxane plus platinum regimens vs doxorubicin plus cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrial cancer at a high risk of progression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Nomura","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.09.023","article-title":"Analysis of the relapse patterns and risk factors of endometrial cancer following postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in a phase III randomized clinical trial","volume":"155","author":"Nomura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref64","first-page":"21","article-title":"Phase II trial of Adriamycin in the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"63","author":"Thigpen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197607)38:1<509::AID-CNCR2820380175>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Perspectives on research in gynecologic oncology","volume":"38","author":"DeVita","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90629-9","article-title":"Doxorubicin cyclophosphamide: effective chemotherapy for advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma","volume":"128","author":"Muggia","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.7.1408","article-title":"A randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in the management of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"12","author":"Thigpen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.088","article-title":"Phase III trial of doxorubicin with or without cisplatin in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"22","author":"Thigpen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg112","article-title":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gynaecological cancer group. Doxorubicin versus doxorubicin and cisplatin in endometrial carcinoma: definitive results of a randomised study (55872) by the EORTC Gynaecological cancer group","volume":"14","author":"Wijk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh316","article-title":"Phase III randomized trial of doxorubicin + cisplatin versus doxorubicin + 24-h paclitaxel + filgrastim in endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"15","author":"Fleming","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.07.184","article-title":"Phase III trial of doxorubicin plus cisplatin with or without paclitaxel plus filgrastim in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"1","author":"Fleming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.03.034","article-title":"Randomized phase III noninferiority trial of first-line chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"125","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.01.003","article-title":"Oncologic and reproductive outcomes with progestin therapy in women with endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 adenocarcinoma: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Gunderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(74)90028-6","article-title":"Adjuvant progestogen therapy in the primary definitive treatment of endometrial cancer","volume":"2","author":"Lewis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref75","first-page":"CD001040","article-title":"Adjuvant progestagens for endometrial cancer","volume":"15","author":"Martin-Hirsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31607-0","article-title":"Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: final overall survival and adverse event analysis of a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial (gynecologic oncology group 240)","volume":"390","author":"Tewari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30279-6","article-title":"Bevacizumab and paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy and secondary cytoreduction in recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (NRG oncology\/gynecologic oncology group study GOG-0213): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.12.022","article-title":"Phase II trial of combination bevacizumab and temsirolimus in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"129","author":"Alvarez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.6397","article-title":"Phase II trial of bevacizumab in recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"29","author":"Aghajanian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.01.015","article-title":"Temsirolimus with or without megestrol acetate and tamoxifen for endometrial cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"132","author":"Fleming","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.5966","article-title":"Randomized phase II trial of carboplatin-paclitaxel versus carboplatin-paclitaxel-Trastuzumab in uterine serous carcinomas that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2\/neu","volume":"36","author":"Fader","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12113","article-title":"Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma. Cancer genome atlas research network","volume":"497","author":"Kandoth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23790","article-title":"Microsatellite instability is a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer","volume":"9","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500596","article-title":"PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency","volume":"372","author":"Le","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.05.015","article-title":"Endometrial cancer: molecular markers and management of advanced stage disease","volume":"150","author":"Arend","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyy159","article-title":"Molecular-targeted therapies and precision medicine for endometrial cancer","volume":"49","author":"Mitamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.5952","article-title":"Safety and antitumor activity of Pembrolizumab in advanced programmed death ligand 1-positive endometrial cancer: results from the KEYNOTE-028 study","volume":"35","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01021","article-title":"Phase II study of Avelumab in patients with mismatch repair deficient and mismatch repair proficient recurrent\/persistent endometrial cancer","volume":"37","author":"Konstantinopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02105","article-title":"Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in patients with noncolorectal high microsatellite instability\/mismatch repair-deficient cancer: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study","volume":"38","author":"Marabelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.09.005","article-title":"The importance of chemotherapy and radiation in uterine papillary serous carcinoma","volume":"123","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.03.011","article-title":"The role of vaginal brachytherapy in the treatment of surgical stage I papillary serous or clear cell endometrial cancer","volume":"85","author":"Barney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.04.013","article-title":"Fifteen-year radiotherapy outcomes of the randomized PORTEC-1 trial for endometrial carcinoma","volume":"81","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01332.x","article-title":"Survival and recurrent disease after postoperative radiotherapy for early endometrial cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref94","first-page":"CD010681","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer","volume":"5","author":"Galaal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000615","article-title":"Salvage versus adjuvant radiation treatment for women with early-stage endometrial carcinoma: a matched analysis","volume":"26","author":"Vance","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.48.8023","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after pelvic radiation for early-stage endometrial cancer","volume":"31","author":"Onsrud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200307000-00009","article-title":"Factors influencing survival in endometrial cancer relapsing patients: a cooperation task force (CTF) study","volume":"13","author":"Sartori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01566-8","article-title":"Significant pelvic recurrence in high-risk pathologic stage I\u2013IV endometrial carcinoma patients after adjuvant chemotherapy alone: implications for adjuvant radiation therapy","volume":"50","author":"Mundt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS5613","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.TPS5613","article-title":"Postoperative chemotherapy or no further treatment for patients with node-negative stage I-II intermediate or high risk endometrial cancer: the ENGOT-EN2\/DGCG trial","volume":"35","author":"Mirza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020070906041748800_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.5459","article-title":"Postoperative radiation therapy for endometrial cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline endorsement of the American Society for Radiation Oncology evidence-based guideline","volume":"33","author":"Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jjco\/article-pdf\/50\/7\/753\/33477364\/hyaa071.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jjco\/article-pdf\/50\/7\/753\/33477364\/hyaa071.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T10:05:18Z","timestamp":1594289118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jjco\/article\/50\/7\/753\/5848073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-3621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-3621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]}}}