{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:33:40Z","timestamp":1793396020207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17ck0106328h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ck0106328h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although adjuvant analgesics are used to treat opioid-refractory cancer pain, there is insufficient evidence to support this practice and limited data to guide the choice depending on cancer pain pathophysiology, dose titration and starting dose. This survey aimed to clarify the current use of adjuvant analgesics for treating opioid-refractory cancer pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we sent an online survey questionnaire to 208 certified palliative care specialists. Primary outcomes were (i) effective pathophysiological mechanism of cancer pain and (ii) initiating doses and time period to the first response to each adjuvant analgesic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 87 (42%) palliative care specialists responded. Of all patients with cancer pain, 40% of patients (median) with refractory cancer pain were prescribed adjuvant analgesics. Additionally, 94.3, 93.1 and 86.2% of palliative care specialists found dexamethasone\/betamethasone effective for neuropathic pain caused by tumor-related spinal cord compression, pregabalin effective for malignant painful radiculopathy and dexamethasone\/betamethasone effective for brain tumor or leptomeningeal metastases-related headache, respectively. The median starting dose of pregabalin, dexamethasone\/betamethasone, lidocaine and ketamine were 75, 4, 200, and 50\u00a0mg\/day, respectively, and the median time to the first response of those medications were 5, 3, 2 and 3\u00a0days, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many palliative care specialists select adjuvant analgesics depending on the pathophysiological mechanism of cancer pain in each case. They used such adjuvant analgesics in low doses for cancer pain with short first-response periods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T19:14:41Z","timestamp":1595531681000},"page":"1434-1441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The current clinical use of adjuvant analgesics for refractory cancer pain in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-5979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keita","family":"Tagami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psycho-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ariyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JORTC Data Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Oyamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JORTC Data Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2334-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Hiratsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Kizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121604540250700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.340","article-title":"Update on prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Beuken-van Everdingen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"2020121604540250700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(96)00149-2","article-title":"A survey of pain in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"12","author":"Twycross","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"2020121604540250700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04515-3","article-title":"Understanding the experience of pain in terminally ill patients","volume":"357","author":"Weiss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020121604540250700_ref4","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Pharmacological and Radiotherapeutic Management of Cancer Pain in Adults and Adolescents","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020121604540250700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0044","article-title":"NCCN frameworks for resource stratification of NCCN guidelines: adult cancer pain and palliative care","volume":"16","author":"Swarm","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"2020121604540250700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00073-1","article-title":"An international survey of cancer pain characteristics and syndromes. 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