{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:48:40Z","timestamp":1792050520762,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop the first Japanese real-world evidence of switch-maintenance avelumab in advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (aUC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicenter-derived database registered 505 patients diagnosed with aUC between 2008 and 2021. Of these, 204 patients (40%) were selected and stratified according to the type of therapy used: maintenance avelumab group (27 [5.3%]), second-line (2\u00a0L) pembrolizumab group (103 [20%]) and 2\u00a0L cytotoxic chemotherapy group (74 [15%]). The progression-free survival and overall survival from the initiation of following therapy were compared. Tumor response was evaluated based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guideline v1.1 during the treatment period. A detailed analysis was performed in the maintenance avelumab group to investigate possible factors associated with response to avelumab therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maintenance avelumab group had a longer overall survival, not progression-free survival, compared with the other two treatment groups. The median treatment-free interval between the last dose of first-line (1\u00a0L) chemotherapy and the initiation of avelumab therapy was 6\u00a0weeks (range, 3\u201322). Disease control rate of maintenance avelumab therapy in patients with a treatment-free interval of \u22646\u00a0weeks was higher than that in patients with a treatment-free interval of &amp;gt;6\u00a0weeks (77 vs 40%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.029). The patients showing objective response to 1\u00a0L chemotherapy were less likely to experience tumor relapse (4 of 19) after the initiation of avelumab therapy compared with those showing stable disease (7 of 8).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objective response to 1\u00a0L chemotherapy and early induction of maintenance avelumab therapy may be associated with increased benefit from maintenance avelumab therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyac186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T10:30:58Z","timestamp":1670581858000},"page":"253-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Switch-maintenance avelumab immunotherapy following first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: the first Japanese real-world evidence from a multicenter 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Ohmori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Prefecture General Medical Center Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Itami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Prefecture General Medical Center Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kindai University Nara Hospital Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saiseikai Chuwa Hospital Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minami Nara, General Medical Center Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoshigaoka Medical Center Department of Urology, , Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okanami General Hospital Department of Urology, , Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunta","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Prostate Brachytherapy, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Morizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Gotoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Torimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Urology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Diagnostic Pathology, , Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobumichi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department 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