{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T21:46:57Z","timestamp":1776030417474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017981","name":"Sysmex Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with hematological malignancies (HM) exhibit significantly impaired humoral immune responses after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Although booster doses and cellular immune responses have been increasingly studied, few analyses have concurrently evaluated both humoral and cellular immunity in patients receiving bendamustine, bispecific antibodies, or CAR-T therapies. We aimed to assess the humoral immunogenicity, T-cell immune response, and booster effect after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with B-cell lymphoma undergoing immunochemotherapy or novel agent treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein (S-IgG) were measured after the second and booster (third) mRNA vaccinations, and specific T-cell responses were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-six of 114 patients (40%) acquired antibodies. Age\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a065\u00a0years (odds ratio 8.99) and CD19\u00a0\u2265\u00a050\/\u03bcL (odds ratio 19.7) were independent predictors of response. To support the selection of this threshold, operating characteristic curve analysis was performed and confirmed CD19\u00a0\u2265\u00a050\/\u03bcL as a clinically meaningful discriminator despite a lower statistical cutoff. Even in some patients who did not develop antibodies, T-cell responses were observed (36% after two doses; 45.5% after the booster). The booster vaccine enhanced antibody (40% to 62.9%) and T-cell (47.2% to 57.6%) responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides confirmatory real-world evidence that CD19 recovery is a key determinant of humoral response, while vaccine-induced T-cell immunity may be preserved even in antibody-nonresponders, supporting continued vaccination efforts in this high-risk population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaf207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T12:43:24Z","timestamp":1765716204000},"page":"410-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Humoral and T-cell immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in patients with hematological 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