{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T21:46:53Z","timestamp":1776030413005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phase III TALAPRO-2 trial showed that talazoparib plus enzalutamide significantly improves radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In contrast, the Japanese subgroup (n\u00a0=\u00a0116) demonstrated non-significant results with wide confidence intervals, as expected, because of the limited sample size. We attempted to provide complementary insights using Bayesian methods to quantify the probability of treatment benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a Bayesian analysis using published data from the TALAPRO-2 trial. Prior distributions were set across four scenarios based on global trial data: neutral prior (no borrowing), conservative borrowing (prior standard deviation [SD]\u00a0=\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0standard error [SE]), moderate borrowing (prior SD\u00a0=\u00a01.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0SE), and strong borrowing (prior SD\u00a0=\u00a0SE). The posterior distributions for the Japanese subgroup were derived using normal-normal conjugate updating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u2018treatment effectiveness (hazard ratio [HR] &amp;lt; 1)\u2019 probability in Japanese all-comers reached 98% with conservative borrowing and\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a099% with moderate and strong borrowing. With moderate borrowing, the posterior mean HR was 0.67 (95% credible interval 0.50\u20130.89). In the homologous recombination repair-deficient subgroup, all borrowing scenarios excluded HR\u00a0=\u00a01.0, with P(HR\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a01.0) exceeding 99%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Bayesian evidence synthesis with prespecified borrowing levels, the Japanese subgroup results were compatible in direction and magnitude with the overall TALAPRO-2 effect. These findings reduce uncertainty around local extrapolation; a dedicated randomized study would be required to establish efficacy independently in Japanese patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaf219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T12:27:10Z","timestamp":1767011230000},"page":"484-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bayesian reanalysis to assess consistency of TALAPRO-2 results in the Japanese subgroup with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6384-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Hirose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital , 2 Tanmulin Street, Ziliujing District, Zigong City, Sichuan Province 643000 , People\u2019s Republic of","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shugo","family":"Yajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital , Mizonokuchi, 5-1-1 Futago, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 213-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 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